This report studies the global as well as regional markets for biometric technologies and devices, with the purpose of locating newer markets and expanding the present market position for various types of biometric devices. A realistic forecast has been made for the future market for different types of biometric technologies and devices. These biometric technologies are studied, including the value of such products produced and utilized globally, as well as in different regions during the last 3 years and the forecast for the next 5 years. The application for each type of biometrics technology is discussed in detail with a view of establishing the global as well as regional usage. A future forecast has been made for such applications.
 
The report also studies the product life cycle and technology life cycle of various types of biometric devices and methods employed by different manufacturers and users in maintaining ecological balance. Several types of new biometric technologies recently developed are becoming more popular in various applications. These are also studied. Finally, the report profiles the major manufacturers and suppliers of biometric devices. The mergers and acquisitions in this field have also been studied and discussed.
 
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
 
There are constant improvements in the quality of biometric devices and products as the major manufacturers continue to upgrade their products based on market needs. Also, new products and applications are being developed based on the continuous research and development work being carried out by major manufacturers to stay ahead of the competition. Successful operation of any company in a competitive market depends upon the identification of product opportunities from the viewpoint of the company’s strengths. For this, it is necessary to understand the size and growth rate of any opportunity and the competitive atmosphere in which the company exists. This report presents the ideal medium to understand the many exciting and growing opportunities in the field of biometric technologies and devices and will help any prospective manufacturer, distributor, or even user to succeed in this growing field.
 
INTENDED AUDIENCE
 
This report is intended for individuals who have responsibility for security and protection of the civil infrastructure and related applications.

Those who will find this manual helpful include, but are not limited to:

•Senior executives within biometrics supplier companies
•Government and commercial end users
•Consultants to the global biometrics industry
•Biometrics and security systems integrators
•Security managers in private and public sectors
•Infrastructure and risk assurance managers
•Site security officials

SCOPE OF REPORT
 
The report has been prepared in a simple format that can be easily understood with a number of tables and charts/figures. The scope of the report includes a detailed study of global and regional markets for various types of biometric devices, with the reasons given for variations in the growth of the industry in certain regions. The report examines each type of biometric technology, determines its current market size, and estimates the future markets for each type of biometric technology. The report also analyzes the market from the manufacturers’ viewpoint as well as that of the final consumers’. A number of technological issues arising out of the utilization of biometric technologies are discussed and solutions indicated. The use of biometric technologies in government and public sector institutions are discussed in detail, along with the markets for these sectors.

Highlights of the report:

•The global market for various biometric technologies is poised for sustained growth throughout the forecast period. This market is estimated at $5 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach a value of nearly $12 billion by 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.9%.

•The market for AFIS and fingerprint biometric technologies account for the greatest share of the global biometrics market and is forecast to continue to be the main source of overall market revenues from 2010 to 2015 and beyond. This sector is valued at $2.7 billion in 2010 and is expected to increase at a 19.6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach nearly $6.6 billion in 2015.

•Face, iris, vein, and voice recognition biometric technologies together form the second largest segment. This sector is worth an estimated $1.4 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach $3.5 billion in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.9%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
INTENDED AUDIENCE 
SCOPE OF REPORT 
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 
DISCLAIMER

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY 
SUMMARY  4
MARKET SUMMARY FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  5
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 6

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW
DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY  7
CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY  7
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY  7
LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BIOMETRICS DEVICES . 8
TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE . 8
COST ANALYSIS . 9
LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS  9
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY  10
HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING  10
HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING (CONTINUED)  11
HISTORY OF RETINAL SCANNING . 12
HISTORY OF KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS (KD)  12
FORMATION OF BIOMETRICS ORGANIZATIONS  13
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS . 13
PRIVACY PROTECTION THROUGH SELF-REGULATORY
CODES  13
PRIVACY PROTECTION THROUGH LAW  14
BIOMETRIC STANDARDS  15
THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOMETRICS STANDARDS . 15
Role of Product Manufacturers . 16
Responsibility of Standard Organizations  16
BIOMETRICS STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT  17
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOMETRICS STANDARDS  17
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION (ISO) . 17
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
(IEC)  17
ISO/IEC JOINT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1 (JTC 1)  18
INCITS (INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS) . 18
INCITS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE M1 BIOMETRICS  19
OASIS (ORGANIZATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF
STRUCTURED INFORMATION STANDARDS) 19
THE OPEN GROUP . 20
ASC X9 (ACCREDITED STANDARD COMMITTEE) . 20
BIOAPI CONSORTIUM  20
ANSI NIST STANDARDS . 20
BIOMETRIC CONSORTIUM  21
COMMON BIOMETRIC EXCHANGE FILE FORMAT (CBEFF) . 21
OTHER STANDARDS . 22
BIOMETRICS - ISSUES AND CONCERNS . 22
SAFETY OF BIOMETRICS DEVICES . 23
MISUSE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION  23
LOSS OF PHYSICAL TRAIT  23
REVELATION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION  23
Revelation of Personal Information (Continued) . 24

CHAPTER FOUR: MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY
PRESENTLY USED BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES . 25
EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  25
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  26
TABLE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  27
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES,
2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 28
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES . 28
TABLE 2 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES
($ MILLIONS)  29
FIGURE 2 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES,
2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  29
MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  29
TABLE 3 BASIC DIVISION OF MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  30
FIGURE 3 BASIC DIVISION OF MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES< 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  31
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE GOVERNMENT
SECTOR  31
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE MILITARY SECTOR . 32
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE BORDER CONTROL
SECTOR  33
BIOMETRICS IN THE POLICE/ FORENSIC/LAW
ENFORCEMENT SECTOR  33
THE PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT SECTOR MARKET FOR
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  34
TABLE 4 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN
PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  34
FIGURE 4 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC/
GOVERNMENT SECTORS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  35
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE AIRPORT/SEAPORT
SEVICES SECTOR . 35
Biometrics Technology in the Airport/… (Continued)  36
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE RETAIL SECTOR  37
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL
TRANSACTION SECTORS  37
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES USED  38
BIOMETRICS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR . 39
Fingerprint Scanner  40
Iris Scanner  40
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN GAMING AND
HOSPITALITY SECTORS . 40
THE PRIVATE/COMMERCIAL SECTOR MARKET FOR
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  41
TABLE 5 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PRIVATE/
COMMERCIAL SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 41
FIGURE 5 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN
PRIVATE/COMMERCIAL SECTORS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  42
THE GLOBAL FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION MARKET  42
MARKET SECTORS FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 43
TABLE 6 FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 43
FIGURE 6 FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 44
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 44
TABLE 7 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  45
FIGURE 7 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 45
GLOBAL AFIS/LIVE-SCAN MARKET . 46
MARKETS BY SECTOR FOR AFIS/LIVESCAN TECHNOLOGY  46
TABLE 8 AFIS/LIVESCAN BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY
SECTOR, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  46
FIGURE 8 AFIS/LIVESCAN BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 47
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN
TECHNOLOGIES . 47
TABLE 9 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 48
FIGURE 9 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN
TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 48
THE GLOBAL FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET . 48
THE GLOBAL FACIAL RECOGNITION … (CONTINUED) . 49
MARKET SECTORS FOR FACE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 50
TABLE 10 FACE RECONITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY
SECTOR, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  50
FIGURE 10 FACE RECONITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE
MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 51
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FACE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 51
TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FACE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 52
FIGURE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FACE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 52
THE GLOBAL IRIS RECOGNITION MARKET . 52
MARKET SECTORS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 53
TABLE 12 IRIS RECONITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY SECTOR,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  54
FIGURE 12 IRIS RECONITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE
MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  55
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 55
TABLE 13 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  56
FIGURE 13 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  56
THE GLOBAL VOICE RECOGNITION MARKET . 56
MARKET SECTORS FOR VOICE RECONITION
TECHNOLOGY . 57
TABLE 14 VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR
DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  57
FIGURE 14 VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE
MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 58
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 58
TABLE 15 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 59
FIGURE 15 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  59
HAND GEOMETRY BIOMETRIC MARKET  60
MARKET SECTORS FOR HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY . 60
TABLE 16 HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTORS,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 60
FIGURE 16 HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTORS,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  61
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR HAND GEOMETRY
TECHNOLOGY . 61
TABLE 17 REGIONAL MARKET FOR HAND GEOMETRY
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  61
FIGURE 17 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR HAND GEOMETRY
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 62
GLOBAL MARKET FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 62
SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET . 62
TABLE 18 SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 63
FIGURE 18 SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  63
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 63
TABLE 19 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  64
FIGURE 19 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  64
GLOBAL MARKET FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY  65
MARKET SECTORS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 65
TABLE 20 VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR
DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 65
FIGURE 20 VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR
DISTRIBUTION, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  66
REGIONAL MARKET FOR VEIN RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY . 66
TABLE 21 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  66
FIGURE 21 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  67
GLOBAL MARKET FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  67
MARKETS BY SECTOR FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES . 67
TABLE 22 EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
SECTOR DISTRIBUTION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  68
FIGURE 22 EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES SECTORWISE
MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($MILLION) . 68
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES . 69
TABLE 23 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  69
FIGURE 23 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  70

CHAPTER FIVE: MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS
BIOMETRICS APPLICATIONS  71
TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 71
FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS,
2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  72
BIOMETRICS IN IDENTIFICATION APPLICATIONS  72
MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID APPLICATIONS . 73
TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  73
FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ID
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 74
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID
APPLICATIONS . 74
TABLE 26 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 74
FIGURE 26 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 75
BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS  75
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL IDS  76
GROWTH DRIVERS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS . 76
GROWTH INHIBITORS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS . 77
Revenue Generation  77
Time and Attendance  78
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS . 78
TABLE 27 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 79
FIGURE 27 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS,
2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  79
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS . 79
TABLE 28 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  80
FIGURE 28 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 80
BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS . 81
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID
APPLICATIONS . 81
TABLE 29 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 81
FIGURE 29 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 82
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID
APPLICATIONS . 82
TABLE 30 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  82
FIGURE 30 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL
ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS). 83
BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS  83
Banking ID . 84
Healthcare ID  84
Retail ID . 85
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID
APPLICATIONS . 85
TABLE 31 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 85
FIGURE 31 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  86
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID
APPLICATIONS . 86
TABLE 32 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER
ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 86
FIGURE 32 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER
ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 87
BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS  87
MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL
APPLICATIONS . 88
TABLE 33 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 88
FIGURE 33 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  89
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS  89
TABLE 34 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 90
FIGURE 34 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  90
BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL
APPLICATIONS . 90
BIOMETRICS LOCKS . 91
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS  91
TABLE 35 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 92
FIGURE 35 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  92
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS  93
TABLE 36 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS)  93
FIGURE 36 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  93
LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS . 94
BIOMETRICS IN COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS
CONTROL . 94
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS  95
TABLE 37 MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 95
FIGURE 37 MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  96
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS  96
TABLE 38 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS)  97
FIGURE 38 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  97
BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL
APPLICATIONS . 97
Banking Transactions . 98
E-Commerce Transactions  98
Smart Cards . 98
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS . 99
TABLE 39 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS)  99
FIGURE 39 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL
ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATION, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 100
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS . 100
TABLE 40 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH
2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 101
FIGURE 40 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015
($ MILLIONS)  101
BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS  101
MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE
APPLICATIONS . 102
TABLE 41 MARKET FOR TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  102
FIGURE 41 MARKET FOR TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  103
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS  103
TABLE 42 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  103
FIGURE 42 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 104
MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS  104
BIOMETRICS IN BORDER CONTROL . 105
E-PASSPORTS . 105
MILITARY APPLICATIONS . 106
BLACKLIST SCREENING APPLICATIONS . 106
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN MILITARY AND
BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS . 106
TABLE 43 MARKET FOR MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  106
FIGURE 43 MARKET FOR MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL
APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 107
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY AND BORDER
CONTROL APPLICATIONS  107
TABLE 44 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY/BORDER
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 108
FIGURE 44 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY/BORDER
CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  108
BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
APPLICATIONS . 108
CREATING AND MAINTAINING A DATABASE OF
CRIMINALS  109
INVESTIGATION OF CRIME SITE . 109
PRESERVING THE EVIDENCE  110
FUTURE IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINALS . 110
PREVENTION OF CRIME  110
BIOMETRICS IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES  110
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND
LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS . 111
TABLE 45 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  111
FIGURE 45 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 112
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS . 112
TABLE 46 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH
2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 113
FIGURE 46 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS)  113
BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS  113
SMART CARDS  114
BANKING INDUSTRY  114
INSURANCE TRANSACTIONS . 114
E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS  115
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL
AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS . 115
TABLE 47 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 115
FIGURE 47 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  116
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS . 116
TABLE 48 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS)  117
FIGURE 48 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS)  117

CHAPTER SIX: BIOMETRICS–TECHNOLOGY
OVERVIEW OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY  118
IDENTITY MANAGEMENT USING BIOMETRICS . 118
BASICS OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES . 119
BIOMETRIC SYSTEM: KEY ELEMENTS . 119
ENROLLMENT  119
PRE-ENROLLMENT IDENTITY VALIDATION . 120
IDENTITY SOURCE DOCUMENTS  120
BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE (REFERENCE) . 120
COMPARISON AND COMPARISON ERRORS . 121
NETWORKING  121
BIOMETRIC SOFTWARE  122
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRICS SOFTWARE 122
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  123
TABLE 49 LIST OF PRESENT AND EMERGING BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES  123
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION . 124
FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS . 124
IMAGE ACQUISITION . 124
FEATURE EXTRACTION . 125
FINGERPRINT MATCHING  125
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION . 125
FINGERPRINT IMAGE ENHANCEMENT . 126
AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IMAGING SYSTEMS (AFIS) . 126
AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT … (CONTINUED)  127
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGIES  128
OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY  128
SILICON TECHNOLOGY . 128
ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY . 129
TABLE 50 COMPARISON OF FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGIES  129
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINTING
TECHNOLOGY . 129
TABLE 51 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF
FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY . 130
DEVICES FOR FINGERPRINT SCANNING  130
FINGERPRINT READER/SCANNER  130
Features of Fingerprint Reader/Scanner  131
Applications of Fingerprint Reader/Scanner  131
Advantages and Shortcomings of Fingertip
Reader/Scanner  132
TABLE 52 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT
READER /SCANNER . 132
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT READERS/SCANNERS  132
Optical Scanner . 132
Ultrasonic Scanner  133
Capacitance Scanner . 133
Digital Fingerprint Scanners  133
Thermal Fingerprint Scanners . 134
Fingerprint Analyzers . 134
Other Uses of Fingerprint Scanning . 134
FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK  134
FEATURES OF THE FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK . 134
APPLICATIONS OF FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK  135
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT
LOCKS . 135
TABLE 53 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT
LOCKS  136
FACIAL RECOGNITION . 136
IMAGE QUALITY  136
FACIAL SCAN PROCESS FLOW . 137
VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION . 137
PRIMARY FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGIES . 137
EIGENFACE  138
FEATURE ANALYSIS . 138
NEURAL NETWORK  138
AUTOMATIC FACE PROCESSING (AFP)  138
VARIATIONS . 138
ADVANTAGES . 139
LIMITATIONS . 139
FACIAL RECOGNITION DEVICES . 140
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FACIAL
RECOGNITION DEVICES  140
TABLE 54 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FACIAL
RECOGNITION . 140
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  141
IRIS RECOGNITION/SCAN  141
FEATURES OF THE IRIS SCANNER . 142
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF IRIS SCANNING . 142
TABLE 55 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF IRIS SCANNING  142
TABLE 55 (CONTINUED)  143
RETINAL SCANNING . 143
PROCESS OF RETINAL SCANNING  144
ADVANTAGES . 144
LIMITATIONS . 144
APPLICATIONS . 145
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF RETINAL
SCANNING . 145
TABLE 56 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF RETINAL
SCANNING  145
EQUIPMENT FOR RETINAL SCANNING:  146
BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES  146
FEATURES OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES  146
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES  147
DYNAMIC SIGNATURE VERIFICATION/SCAN . 147
TECHNOLOGY OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURE
VERIFICATION/SCAN  148
ADVANTAGES . 148
LIMITATIONS . 149
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF SIGNATURE
SCANS . 149
TABLE 57 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF SIGNATURE
SCANS  149
TABLE 57 (CONTINUED)  150
HAND GEOMETRY SCANNER  150
PRINCIPLE  151
FEATURES OF HAND SCANNING DEVICES . 151
ADVANTAGES . 151
LIMITATIONS . 152
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE HAND
GEOMETRY SCANNER  152
TABLE 58 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE HAND
GEOMETRY SCANNER . 153
KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS . 154
LIMITATIONS . 155
VEIN PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY . 155
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION  155
ADVANTAGES OF VEIN BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY . 156
ACCURACY  156
UNIQUE AND CONSTANT  157
RESISTANT TO TAMPERING . 157
CONSISTENCY . 157
SPEED  157
EASE OF USE  157
CONTACT-FREE . 157
EASE OF USE  158
LIMITATIONS . 158
APPLICATIONS . 158
VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY  158
FEATURES OF VOICE RECOGNITION . 159
APPLICATIONS OF VOICE RECOGNITION . 159
ADVANTAGES OF VOICE RECOGNITION . 160
MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS  160
ADVANTAGES . 160
LIMITATIONS . 161
APPLICATIONS . 161
EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES  161
GAIT RECOGNITION . 162
Principle of Operation . 162
Limitations . 163
Advantages  163
Applications . 163
PALMPRINT RECOGNITION  163
Advantages  164
Limitations . 164
Applications . 164
SKIN SPECTROSCOPY  165
Principle of operation  165
Advantages  165
Limitations . 166
Variations and Applications  166
DNA RECOGNITION  166
Advantages  167
Limitations . 167
OLFACTORY RECOGNITION (ODOR ANALYSIS) . 168
Principle of Operation . 168
Limitations . 168
SPEAKER VERIFICATION  169
Principle of Operation . 169
Variations . 170
Advantages  170
Limitations . 170
Applications . 170
EAR SHAPE . 171
Principle of Operation . 171
Limitations . 172
FACIAL THERMOGRAPHY . 172
Advantages  172
Limitations . 173
Applications . 173
BODY SALINITY . 173
FINGER GEOMETRY . 174
GRIP RECOGNITION . 174
NAIL BED BIOMETRICS . 175
LIP BIOMETRICS . 175
SWEAT PORE ANALYSIS  176
SKIN LUMINANCE . 176
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH (EEG)  177
FINGERNAIL PATTERNS  177
SKULL RESONANCE . 177
OTHER BIOMETRIC PRODUCTS/DEVICES  178
BIOMETRICS MOUSE  178
Features of the Biometric Mouse  178
Applications of the Biometric Mouse  179
Advantages of the Biometric Mouse . 179
BIOMETRICS SENSOR  179
Features of the Biometrics Sensor  179
Applications of the Biometric Sensor  180
Advantages of the Biometrics Sensor . 180
BIOMETRIC 2D BARCODE SCANNER  181
Features of the 2D Barcode Scanner  181
Applications of the 2D Barcode Scanner  181
Advantages of the 2D Barcode Scanner 182
SMART CARD READER  182
FEATURES OF THE SMART CARD  183
APPLICATIONS OF THE SMART CARD  183
ADVANTAGES OF THE SMART CARD  184
THE FUTURE OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVICES . 184
IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY. 185
IMPROVED PROCESSING . 185
MINIATURIZATION . 185
PRICES . 185
ALGORITHMS . 186
WIRELESS BIOMETRICS  186
NANOTECHNOLOGY . 187
PATENT ANALYSIS  187
TABLE 59 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES (UNITS) . 188
TABLE 60 U.S. PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS FOR
BIOMETRICS (UNITS) . 188
TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  189
TABLE 61 U.S. PATENTS BY YEAR OF ISSUE FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES, 2003-2010 (UNITS)  189
TABLE 62 U.S. PATENTS BY COMPANIES FOR BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES (UNITS) . 189
TABLE 62 (CONTINUED)  190

CHAPTER SEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS . 191
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION WITHIN THE BIOMETRICS
INDUSTRY  192
DRIVING FORCES OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY  192
IMPORTANT ISSUES TO BE SOLVED IN THE INDUSTRY  193
PRESENT STATUS OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY . 194
COMPETITION IN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY  194
THE FUTURE OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY  195
ADVANCED PRACTICAL BIOMETRICS  196
SHIFT FROM SECURITY TO IDENTITY PROTECTION . 197
INTEGRATED ADVANCED ID  197
MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS . 197
BIOMETRICS MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD  198
BIOMETRICS MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA . 198
STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE UNITED
STATES  199
INTEGRATED AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (IAFIS) . 199
UNITED STATES VISITOR AND IMMIGRANT STATUS
INDICATOR TECHNOLOGY (US-VISIT) PROGRAM: . 199
REGISTERED TRAVELER (RT) PROGRAM. 200
ELECTRONIC PASSPORT (E-PASSPORT) . 200
TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION
CREDENTIAL (TWIC) . 200
STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN CANADA . 201
REAL TIME IDENTIFICATION (RTID) PROGRAM  201
CANADIAN PASSENGER ACCELERATED SERVICE
SYSTEM (CANPASS) AIR . 201
NEXUS . 201
ELECTRONIC PASSPORT (E-PASSPORT) . 202
TEMPORARY RESIDENTS BIOMETRICS PROJECT (TRBP)  202
PUBLIC SECURITY TECHNICAL PROGRAM (PSTP)  202
THE BIOMETRICS MARKET IN EUROPE . 203
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
EUROPEAN UNION  203
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
U.K.  204
Electronic Passport (e-Passport) . 204
National Identity Card  204
Iris Recognition Immigration System (IRIS)  205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN
GERMANY  205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN
PORTUGAL . 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASIA . 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN
INDIA  206
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASIA
PACIFIC  207
THE BIOMETRICS MARKET IN THE REST OF THE WORLD  208
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY . 209
TABLE 63 LIST OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE
BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY . 210
TABLE 63 (CONTINUED)  211
TABLE 63 (CONTINUED)  212
APPENDIX 1: LIST OF SAMPLE BIOMETRICS PATENTS . 213
TABLE 64 LIST OF SAMPLE BIOMETRICS PATENTS . 213
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  214
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  215
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  216
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  217
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  218
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  219
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  220
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  221
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  222
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  223
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  224
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  225
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  226
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  227
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  228
TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)  229
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF BIOMETRICS
EQUIPMENT . 230
TABLE 65 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF BIOMETRICS
EQUIPMENT . 230
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  231
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  232
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  233
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  234
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  235
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  236
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  237
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  238
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  239
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  240
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  241
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  242
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  243
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  244
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  245
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  246
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  247
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  248
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  249
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  250
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  251
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  252
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  253
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  254
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  255
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  256
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  257
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  258
TABLE 65 (CONTINUED)  259
APPENDIX 3: PROFILES OF MAJOR BIOMETRIC COMPANIES . 260
PROFILES OF MAJOR BIOMETRIC COMPANIES  260
3M-AIT, LTD. . 260
A4VISION . 261
ACUITY SYSTEMS, INC.  261
ACCU-TIME SYSTEMS  262
ACSYS BIOMETRICS CORP. . 263
AUTHENTEC, INC. . 263
AXIS COMMUNICATIONS . 264
BIO-GATE AG  265
BIO-KEY INTERNATIONAL, INC.  266
BIOMETRIC SECURITY LIMITED . 267
BIOMETRONIX GMBH . 268
BIOSCRYPT, INC. . 268
BRICKCOM CORPORATION . 269
North American Office  269
CANON EUROPE LTD. . 270
COGENT SYSTEMS, INC.  271
COGNITEC SYSTEMS GMBH . 272
North American Office  272
COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE CORP. (CIC) . 273
DAON INC. . 274
Platform . 274
Applications . 275
Tools . 275
DIAPHONICS, INC. . 275
DIGITALPERSONA, INC. . 276
EVERFOCUS ELECTRONICS CORP. . 277
North American Headquarters . 277
FUJITSU  278
United States Office  278
FINGERPRINT CARDS AB  279
FULCRUM BIOMETRICS, LLC . 280
GALLAGHER SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS . 281
HIRSCH ELECTRONIC CORP.  282
HITACHI SECURITY SOLUTIONS . 282
HONEYWELL VIDEO SYSTEMS  283
IDENTIMETRICS, INC.  284
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC.  285
IRITECH, INC. . 286
INTELLIGENT BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS (IQBIO)  287
IMPRIVATA, INC. . 288
L-1 IDENTITY SOLUTIONS . 289
LISKA BIOMETRY, INC.  290
LUMIDIGM, INC.  291
M2SYS LLC  292
NEC CORPORATION OF AMERICA . 293
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. . 294
OSS NOKALVA, INC.  295
PRECISE BIOMETRICS AB . 296
SAGEM MORPHO . 297
SECUGEN CORPORATION . 298
SECURIMETRICS, INC. . 299
SENSORY, INC. . 300
SIEMENS IT SOLUTIONS AND SERVICES  301
Siemens IT Solutions … (Continued) . 302
SUPREMA INC. . 303
TECHNOIMAGIA CO., LTD.  304
North America Office . 304
TUTIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD.  304
UPEK, INC.  305
VERIDICOM INTERNATIONAL, INC.  306
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. . 307
VICON INDUSTRIES  308
VISIPHOR CORPORATION . 308
ZKS GROUP (SHANGHAI) . 309
ZKS Group … (Continued)  310
APPENDIX 4: BIOMETRICS GLOSSARY  311
TABLE 66 GLOSSARY  311
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  312
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  313
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  314
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  315
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  316
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  317
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  318
TABLE 66 (CONTINUED)  319
APPENDIX 5: LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOMETRIC
TECHNOLOGIES  320
UNITED STATES . 320
BIOMETRIC CONSORTIUM (WWW.BIOMETRICS.ORG/) . 320
INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
(IBIA) . 320
BIOMETRIC FOUNDATION  320
BIOAPI CONSORTIUM  320
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR IDENTIFICATION  320
NATIONAL BIOMETRIC SECURITY PROJECT (NBSP)  321
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY (NIST)  321
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
(NSTC):  321
EUROPEAN UNION  321
DANISH BIOMETRICS RESEARCH . 321
EUROPEAN BIOMETRIC FORUM (EBF) . 321
EUROPEAN PRIVACY INSTITUTE  322
NORDIC BIOMETRICS FORUM  322
SWEDISH NATIONAL BIOMETRIC ASSOCIATION, SNBA  322
UNITED KINGDOM. 322
COMMUNICATION-ELECTRONICS SECURITY GROUP
(CESG) . 322
BIOMETRIC TESTING SERVICES . 322
INTELLECT ASSOCIATION FOR BIOMETRICS  323
CHINA . 323
CENTER FOR BIOMETRICS AND SECURITY RESEARCH
(CBSR) . 323
JOINT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY FOR
ADVANCED COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES (JDL)  323
ELECTRIC ENGINEERING DEPT., TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY  323
BIOMETRIC RESEARCH CENTER, HONG KONG
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY . 323
SOUTH KOREA  324
KOREAN BIOMETRICS ASSOCIATION (KBA) . 324
JAPAN . 324
JAPAN BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION ASSOCIATION . 324
SINGAPORE . 324
SINGAPORE BIOMETRIC WORKING GROUP . 324
AUSTRALIA  324
BIOMETRICS INSTITUTE (AUSTRALIA)  324
NEW ZEALAND . 324
ASIS NEW ZEALAND . 324