This report addresses an increasing role of Wireless ICT (WICT) in the developing of health care and wellness to reduce the cost and improve the quality of services.

Ambient Intelligence is a vision where environment becomes smart, friendly, context-aware and responsive to any type of human needs. In such a world, computing and networking technology coexist with people in a ubiquitous, friendly and pervasive way. Numerous miniature and interconnected smart devices create a new intelligence and interact with each other seamlessly. For health care, this translates into proliferation of remote monitoring and telemedicine; and the report concentrates on advances in WICT to support medical and wellness needs.

Particular, the report:

1. Provides up-to-date information on the WBAN (Wireless Body Area Networks) development.  This includes the standardization process and the evolving industry marketing data.
2. Provides the up-to-date analysis of the Bluetooth technology and market with the emphasis on the medical profile.
3. Provides the up-to-date analysis of the ZigBee technology and market with the emphasis on the medical profile.
4. Provides the analysis of the Ultra Wideband technology and market and its application in telemedicine and fitness.
5. Provides the analysis of the self-powered sensors technologies and markets and their role the WBAN development.
6. Provides the analysis of WICT trends in the advancing wellness and sport activities.
7. Provides a survey of the industry vendors and their products portfolios.

The report was written for a wide audience of medical and technical staff responsible for the developing of advanced telemedicine and wellness applications that are based on wireless communications.

This report provides the analysis of WBAN technologies and markets in health care and wellness applications; it concentrates on the recent developmental trends. The report is useful for service providers, IT departments of hospitals and other medical organizations, retail operators, vendors, network operators and managers, investors and end users seeking to gain a deeper understanding of new trends in the wireless communications medical applications.

For systems integrators, the report provides an analysis and assessment of competing products currently available as well as an estimation of the overall opportunities in the coming years.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 
1.1 Body-centric Wireless Communications 
1.2 Bluetooth 
1.3 ZigBee 
1.4 UWB 
1.5 Harvesting 
1.6 Demand 
1.7 Crisis 
1.8 Scope 
1.9 Research Methodology 
1.10 Target Audience 

2.0 WBAN Technologies and Markets 
2.1 Definition 
2.1.1 Structure
2.2 Overview 
2.3 Groups 
2.3.1 By Application 
2.3.2 By Transmission Media 
2.3.3 By Number of Nodes 
2.3.4 By Environment 
2.3.5 By Radio Type
2.3.6 By Place 
2.3.7 By Response 
2.3.8 By Speed of Transmission 
2.3.9 By Traffic 
2.3.10 Commonalities 
2.4 Standardization 
2.4.1 General 
2.4.2 IEEE 802.15.6
2.4.2.1 Status 
2.4.2.2 Purpose 
2.4.2.3 Major Characteristics 
2.4.2.3.1 Traffic Types 
2.4.2.3.2 MAC Security 
2.4.3 IEEE 802.15.4j 
2.4.4 ISO/IEEE 11073 
2.4.5 Continua 
2.4.6 Summary: Benefits 
2.5 FCC: Regulations 
2.5.1 Spectrum Issues 
2.6 Requirements Summary: WBAN 
2.7 Applications 31
2.7.1 Applications in Healthcare and Fitness 
2.7.1.1 Status 
2.7.1.2 Examples 
2.7.2 WBAN for First Responders and Military 
2.8 Market: WBAN 
2.9 Samples: Vendors 
Bodymedia 
FRWD 
Nokia 
Suunto 
Toumaz 
Vivago 
Xybernaut 
Zarlink 
2.10 Examples: Universities Research-Managed WBAN 
2.11 Current and Future Trends-Getting Closer to WBAN 

3.0 IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) 
3.1 BT Protocol Stack 
3.1.1 Transport layer 
3.1.1.1 Radio Layer 
3.1.1.2 Baseband and Link Manager Layers 
3.1.1.3 Middleware Layer 
3.2 Profiles 
3.2.1 Ultra Low Power Profile 
3.2.2 Medical Profile 
3.2.2.1 IEEE 11073 and BT 
3.3 Bluetooth Security 
3.4 Highlights 
3.4.1 The Standard: 
3.4.2 The Technology: 
3.4.3 Evolution 
3.5 Market Estimate 
3.6 BT Industry-HDP 
Atheros 
Bluegiga 
Cambridge Consultants 
Continua 
CSR 
iFoundry-Nestronics 
Laird Technologies 
Nonin 
Polar Electro Oy 
Panasonic 
Stollmann 

4.0 ZigBee 
4.1 General 
4.2 Technology 
4.2.1 Major Features 
4.2.2 Device Types 
4.2.3 Protocol Stack 
4.2.3.1 Physical and MAC Layers – IEEE802.15.4 
4.2.3.1.1 Frame 
4.2.4 Upper Layers
4.3 Interoperability 
4.4 Security 
4.5 Platform Considerations 
4.5.1 Battery Life 
4.5.2 “Green” ZigBee 
4.6 ZigBee Technology Benefits and Limitations 
4.7 Standardization Process 
4.7.1 ZigBee Alliance 
4.7.1.1 Objectives 
4.7.2 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee 
4.7.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 Radio 
4.8 Application Specifics - Profiles 
4.8.1 Personal, Home and Hospital Care (PHHC) Profile 
4.8.1.1 Objectives 
4.8.1.2 Details 
4.8.1.3 Major Features 
4.9 Applications Overview 
4.9.1 General 
4.10 Market 
4.10.1 Segments-ZigBee Market 
4.10.2 Forecast 
4.10.3 Industry 
Airbee (Software; Includes Medical Applications) 
Amber (RF Systems) 
Arch Rock (WSN)-Was acquired by Cisco in 2010 
Atmel (Chipsets) 
CEL (modules) 
Cirronet-RFM (Modules) 
Digi (Radio, Medical Application) 
Duolog (Transceivers) 
Ember (Chipsets) 
Falcom (Modules) 
GreenPeak (WSN) 
Helicomm (Modules) 
Jennic (Chipsets-Modules-Health Care) 
Freescale (Chipsets, Health Care) 
MeshNetics (Atmel Acquired MeshNetics ZigBee Intellectual Properties-February, 2009) (Modules) 
Oki (Chipsets)
Philips Applied Technologies (Health Care application) 
Renesas (Platforms) 
Silicon Laboratories (Chipsets, Modules, Medical) 
Synapse (Module, Protocols) 
Telegesis (Integrator, Health Care) 
TI (Chipsets) 

5.0 Ultra Wideband (UWB) 
5.1 Downturn 
5.2 General: History 
5.3 Benefits 
5.3.1 IEEE 802.15.4a - 2007 
5.3.2 Medical Environment: Summary of UWB Features 
5.4 Definition 
5.5 Rates 
5.6 Spectrum Allocation 
5.7 Regulations
5.8 Major Features 
5.9 Standards 
5.9.1 Multiband OFDM 
5.9.2 DS-UWB 
5.9.3 Groups 
5.9.4 ECMA 
5.9.5 WiNET 
5.9.6 EC 135
5.9.7 UWB and WBAN 
5.10 Market Estimate 
5.10.1 General 
5.10.2 Geographical Segmentation 
5.10.3 Forecast 
5.11 Industry 
Alereon (chipsets) 
Camero (radar, equipment for first responders) 
Gefen (Device) 
General Atomics (chipsets) 
Multispectral (Zebra) 
Pulse~ Link (chipsets) 
RealTek (IC) 
Sensiotec (Health Care) 
Sigma Designs (Chipsets) 
Time Domain (chipsets-fusion of communications & radar) 
Ubisense (RFID-tracking) 
Wisair (WUSB-chipsets) 

6.0 Green WBAN/WSN 
6.1 Methods 
6.2 Batteries 
6.3 Power Harvesting Technologies 
6.3.1 Energy Sources 
6.3.2 Green Technologies Requirements 
6.3.3 Self-powered Nodes 
6.3.4 Industry –Market Estimate 
6.3.5 Vendors 
Advanced Cerametrics 
AmbioSystems 
Ambient Micro 
Arch Rock (Acquired by Cisco in 2010) 
Cymbet 
EnOcean 
General 
Applications 
Products Samples 
EnOcean Alliance 
GreenPeak 
GreyStone 
JDL 
Jennic 
KCF 
Micropelt 
Nokia 
Perpetuum 
Perpetua 
Powercast 
Schneider Electric 
Rittal 
TI 
Zarlink Semiconductor 

7.0 Wireless Landscape – Health Care 
7.1 Selection: Continua Guidelines 
7.2 Toumaz 
7.3 Ant 
7.4 Z-Wave 
7.4.1 Alliance 
7.4.2 Sigma Design 
7.5 BodyLAN 
7.5.1 FitLinxx 

8.0 Conclusions 
Attachment I: ZigBee Health Care Devices Examples 

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: TAM: U.S. WICT Spending in Health Care ($B) 
Figure 2: Sensor 
Figure 3: WBAN Layers 
Figure 4: Proposed Spectrum 
Figure 5: IEEE 11073 Protocol Family 
Figure 6: Benefits: Value Chain 
Figure 7:  BAN Characteristics 
Figure 8: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 20-45 years) $US M 
Figure 9: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 45 and up) $US M 
Figure 10: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-Hospitals- $US M 
Figure 11: Addressable Market-U.S. First Responders WBAN Sales ($M) 
Figure 12: Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Figure 13: Piconets Illustration 
Figure 14: BT HDP Building Blocks 
Figure 15: TAM –BT Modules Sales (Bil. Units)
Figure 16: TAM – BT Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 17: BT Market Geographical Segmentation 
Figure 18: Addressable Market: BT-HDP modules (Bil. Units) 
Figure 19: Addressable Market: BT- HDP Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 20: ZigBee Channels 
Figure 21: ZigBee Protocol Stack 
Figure 22: Applications Example 
Figure 23: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 24: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales (Bil. Units) 
Figure 25: ZigBee Market Application Segmentation (2010) 
Figure 26: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2016)
Figure 27: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales – PHHC ($B) 
Figure 28: UWB Spectrum 
Figure 29: DS-UWB Spectrum Characteristics 
Figure 30: Spectrum Regulations-UWB 
Figure 31: TAM: Global UWB IC Revenue ($B) 
Figure 32: TAM: Global UWB IC (Unit Bil) 
Figure 33: TAM: Self-powered Sensors Sales ($B) 
Figure 34: TAM: Self-powered Sensors Sales (Bil. Units) 
 

Figure 1: TAM: U.S. WICT Spending in Health Care ($B) 
Figure 2: Sensor 
Figure 3: WBAN Layers 
Figure 4: Proposed Spectrum 
Figure 5: IEEE 11073 Protocol Family 
Figure 6: Benefits: Value Chain 
Figure 7:  BAN Characteristics 
Figure 8: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 20-45 years) $US M 
Figure 9: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 45 and up) $US M 
Figure 10: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Sales-Hospitals- $US M 
Figure 11: Addressable Market-U.S. First Responders WBAN Sales ($M) 
Figure 12: Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Figure 13: Piconets Illustration 
Figure 14: BT HDP Building Blocks 
Figure 15: TAM –BT Modules Sales (Bil. Units) 
Figure 16: TAM – BT Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 17: BT Market Geographical Segmentation 
Figure 18: Addressable Market: BT-HDP modules (Bil. Units) 
Figure 19: Addressable Market: BT- HDP Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 20: ZigBee Channels 
Figure 21: ZigBee Protocol Stack 
Figure 22: Applications Example 
Figure 23: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales ($B) 
Figure 24: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales (Bil. Units) 
Figure 25: ZigBee Market Application Segmentation (2010) 
Figure 26: ZigBee Market Segmentation (2016)
Figure 27: TAM: ZigBee Modules Sales – PHHC ($B) 
Figure 28: UWB Spectrum 
Figure 29: DS-UWB Spectrum Characteristics 
Figure 30: Spectrum Regulations-UWB 
Figure 31: TAM: Global UWB IC Revenue ($B) 
Figure 32: TAM: Global UWB IC (Unit Bil) 
Figure 33: TAM: Self-powered Sensors Sales ($B) 
Figure 34: TAM: Self-powered Sensors Sales (Bil. Units) 
 
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Classification 
Table 2: QoS Levels 
Table 3: Continua Structure 
Table 4: WBAN Medical Applications 
Table 5: Classes 
Table 6: Bluetooth Profiles 
Table 7: ZigBee Parameters 
Table 8: Standard UWB Bands 
Table 9: MB-OFDM UWB Frequencies Designation 
Table 10: Comparison: DS-UWB and MB-OFDM
Table 11: WBAN-UWB Characteristics
Table 12: Sources 
Table 13: Illustration: Guidelines v.1