Diamonds have long held a special place in the hearts and minds of both scientists and the public at large. Diamonds are the hardest material known and have the highest thermal conductivity among all known materials. Combined with these important properties, diamonds have very low thermal expansion and high electrical resistance. Because of their hardness, diamonds are far more effective and efficient than other competing materials used for abrasive, cutting, shaping, or finishing tools. The very high thermal conductivity of diamonds makes them ideal for spreading and conducting heat out of compact, high-power, high-speed electronic packages.

Industrial diamonds have been synthesized commercially for more than 40 years using high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) techniques in which diamond is crystallized from metal-solvated carbon at a pressure of about 50 kbar to 100 kbar and a temperature of about 1,800 K to 2,300 K.

A low-pressure technique to produce diamonds, using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), drew worldwide attention in the mid-1980s. There has been an explosion of interest in CVD diamond, diamond-like, and cubic boron nitride (CBN) films and coatings. These films are expected to be used in a variety of applications, from cutting tools to wear-resistant parts and from electronics to optical applications. One advantage of CVD diamond technology over high-pressure technology is low cost and its ability to coat any shape.
 
Several new mass-production technologies for producing diamonds and diamond-like films have emerged since the mid-1990s, including the production of diamond-like coatings for razor blades. Since the advent of these new technologies, diamond and diamond-like films, and coated products have reached a greater level of penetration in their applications.
 
Thick and thin diamond films have advantages when incorporated in laser diodes and microwave electronic packages due to their extremely high thermal conductivity coupled with excellent dielectric properties. Also, large substrates are now available, and a variety of package designs are possible with CVD diamonds. Tool inserts with CVD diamond thick-film blanks or thin-film coatings constitute the newest tool materials. Diamond-like thin films are finding increasing application in coating automotive components such as brake rotors and gears. Diamond and diamond-like coatings are also being used more in optical applications, such as sunglasses, ophthalmic lenses, and infrared (IR) windows. New-generation electronic devices such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are also using diamond films.
 

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
 
To provide a technological overview of the various diamond, diamond-like, and CBN thin films and coated products, their production technologies, and status of the current and emerging technologies
To identify and describe existing and new applications for diamond, diamond-like, and CBN films/coated products;
To identify the technological and business issues related to the development and commercial production of diamond, diamond-like, and CBN films and coated products;
To determine the current size and future growth of the U.S. and worldwide markets for diamond, diamond-like, and CBN thin films and products;
To analyze domestic and foreign competition among companies within diamond, diamond-like, and CBN films and their product market segments;
To identify and profile U.S. and foreign producers and those entities involved in the development of diamond, diamond-like, and CBN films and products;
To conduct a patent analysis to evaluate the international competition in the issuance of patents between countries and companies.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY
 
This research report illustrates the depth, breadth, and results of recent research and development (R&D), in both the U.S. and foreign countries, aimed at the growth and characterization of thin films of diamonds, CBN, diamond-like, and similar materials and the development of new applications for these materials.
 
The qualitative and quantitative judgments embodied in this report are a valuable contribution to the current technical knowledge and R&D of diamond, diamond-like, and CBN thin films/coated products. Along with new developments comes the need for decisions by a number of companies on future involvement strategies. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the new emerging technologies, improvements in existing technologies, application developments, and market opportunities through 2015.
 

SCOPE OF REPORT
 
This report provides a detailed technology overview for diamond, diamond-like, and CBN thin and thick films, including current production techniques, properties, and applications as well as new developments. Market analyses have been provided for each of the application segments.
 
The emphasis is on technology and market developments that have taken place since the previous edition of this report was published in 2007. Some of the “new” developments listed in this section were also presented in the 2007 edition. However, 3 years is a short time period for any new technology to take off; therefore, these developments are repeated within this section.


INTENDED AUDIENCE
 
This report is directed to the various types of companies that are interested in the developments in this field, such as:
Companies involved in developing, manufacturing, and supplying advanced materials;
Developers and producers of diamonds, diamond-like, and CBN films and coatings;
Manufacturers and suppliers of industrial diamonds and CBN materials;
Manufacturers and suppliers of diamonds and CBN products;
Manufacturers and suppliers of advanced ceramic materials and components;
Producers and suppliers of advanced electronic and optical components;
Producers and suppliers of machine tool inserts;
Producers of wear-resistant and automotive components;
Producers of sunglasses, ophthalmic lenses, IR windows, and other optical materials;
Electronic, automotive, computer, aerospace, and telecommunication companies;
Producers of razor blades, surgical blades, and golf clubs; and
Advanced-material companies interested in diversification.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
    INTRODUCTION
    STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
    CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY
    SCOPE OF REPORT 
    METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
    INTENDED AUDIENCE 
    ANALYST CREDENTIALS 
    DISCLAIMER

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND
    DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
  SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND
    DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS, 2009-2015 ($ MILLIONS)
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER THREE: TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
     HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
          EARLY WORK IN DIAMOND SYNTHESIS 
                 Study by the Foreign Applied Sciences Assessment Center 
                 The Validity of Early Work
                 Later Advances in Diamond Deposition
     TYPES OF DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE FILMS/COATINGS
          DIAMOND COATINGS AND FILMS
  TABLE 1 PROPERTIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AND
    DIAMOND-LIKE FILMS COMPARED TO NATURAL DIAMOND
          DIAMOND-LIKE AND SIMILAR MATERIAL COATINGS AND
            FILMS
                 Diamond-Like Hydrocarbons (DLHC or A:CH)
                 Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC or A:C-C)
                           Diamond-Like Nanocomposite (DLN)
                           Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN)
          COMPETING TYPES OF MATERIALS
     PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND/DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS AND
       FILMS 
          CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAMOND FILMS
  TABLE 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF CVD DIAMOND FILM
  TABLE 3 PROPERTIES OF DIAFILM OPTICAL-GRADE
    POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND MATERIAL SUPPLIED BY
    ELEMENT SIX 
  TABLE 4 PROPERTIES OF CVD POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND
    MATERIAL FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT SUBSTRATES
             Characteristics of Diamond Films (Continued)
        DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS AND FILMS
TABLE 5 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES: NATURAL, PCD/CVD
  DIAMONDS, AND DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILMS
        ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CVD DIAMOND
TABLE 6 ADVANTAGES OF CVD DIAMOND 
TABLE 7 DISADVANTAGES OF CVD DIAMOND
   PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
        DIAMOND FILMS
TABLE 8 CURRENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THIN AND
  THICK DIAMOND FILMS 
             Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Process 
                    Plasma CVD 
TABLE 9 PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
  (PECVD) PROCESSES FOR DIAMOND FILM GROWTH
                               DC Plasma Method
                               RF Induction Plasma
                               Microwave Plasma Torch
                               Plasma Process Comparisons
                               Other Plasma-Enhanced Techniques
                    Nonplasma Processes
TABLE 10 NONPLASMA DEPOSITION PROCESSES FOR DIAMOND
  FILM GROWTH
                    Hybrid Processes
                               Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Growth
                               Using Buckyballs to Produce Diamond Films
                    Physical Vapor Deposition Processes
                               Basic Processes
TABLE 11 DEPOSITION DATA FOR DLC, BN, AND RELATED
  COMPOSITES
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
                               Ion Plating 
                               RF Plasma Deposition
                    Interactive Laser Techniques
                               QQC Process
                    Improvements in Diamond Films and Coatings
                          Technology
                               Improvements in Existing Technologies
                                           Oriented Diamond Films on Si
                                               Substrate
                                          Diamond Synthesized on Glassy and
                                               Oxide Substrates
                               Diamond Growth on Iron and Steel
                                    Substrate
                               Models Simulate Diamond Deposition
                                    by DC Arc Jet 
                               Diamond Nucleation by Gas Phase
                                    Seeding
                               The Influence of Ion Bombardment on
                                    Diamond Film Orientation During
                                    MPCVD
                               Nucleation and Early Growth of CVD
                                    Diamond on Silicon Nitride 
                               Development of Grinding Technology
                                    for Diamond Film Coated Cutting
                                    Tool
                        New Technologies
                               Pulsed Liquid Injection Chemical
                                    Vapor Deposition
                               Micropatterns by ECR Oxygen Plasma
                               An Effective System for Diamond
                                    Coating Deposition
                               Diamond Synthesized High-Pressure,
                                    Hot-Filament CVD 
                               Energy Efficient Microwave Diamond
                                    Film Deposition System
                 Recent U.S. Diamond Coating Technology Patents 
                        Recent U.S. (CONTINUED)
            Diamond-like Materials and Coatings 
TABLE 12 CURRENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
  DIAMOND-LIKE THIN FILMS 
                 RF Plasma-Assisted CVD
                 Direct Ion Beam Deposition
                        Dual Ion Beam Deposition Configuration
                 Plasma Injection -- CVD Method 
                 Hot-Filament Cathode Deposition System 
                 Filtered Cathode Arc Source
                 Pulsed Laser Deposition DLC Coating with UV
                     Excimer Laser
                 New Developments in Diamond-Like Materials and
                     Coatings
                        Improvements in Existing Technologies
                               Hot-Filament CVD Produces Ultrahard
                                    Carbon Nitride Film
                               Carbon Nitride Thin Films by ECR
                                    Plasma
                                                    Diamond-like Coatings for Plastic Parts 
                                                    Plasma Source Ion Injection 
                                                    Improved PECVD for Applying
                                                         Diamond-Like Coatings to Pipe
                                                         Interiors
                                         New Technologies
                                                    Metalorganic CVD of Ru-Doped DLC
                                                    Argonne Develops Superlow-Friction
                                                         DLC Films
                                                    Cathodic Arc Deposits Amorphous
                                                         Diamond
                                                    Arc Method Deposits Amorphous
                                                         Diamond
                                                    Highly Adhesive DLC Using Ion Beam
                                                         Mixing Methods
                              Recent U.S. Diamond-Like Coating Patents
                                         Recent U.S. . (Continued)
                    CBN Coatings
  TABLE 13 CURRENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CBN
    FILMS 
                              New Developments in CBN Coatings 
                                         Improvement in Existing Technologies
                                                    Rectifying Characteristics of
                                                         Tungsten/P-Type CBN Films
                                                    Cathodic Arc Evaporation and
                                                         Magnetron Sputtering Deposited
                                                         BN Films 
                                                    Improved Adhesion of Sputtered CBN
                                                         Films
                                                    Hard Wear-Resistant Layer Formation
                                                         in CBN Systems 
                                         New Technologies
                                                    CBN Films in a Two-Step Process 
                                                    CBN Films Using Mass-Selected Ion
                                                         Beam Deposition
                                                    CBN Film Synthesized by Plasma-Jet
                                                         CVD
                                                    Nanostructured CBN Coating
                              Recent U.S. Cubic Boron Nitride Coating Patents
                                         Recent U.S. . (Continued)
                                         Recent U.S. . (Continued)
                                         Recent U.S. . (Continued)

CHAPTER FOUR: APPLICATIONS FOR DIAMOND, DIAMOND-LIKE, AND CBN MATERIAL COATINGS AND FILMS 
TABLE 14 CVD DIAMOND AND DLC APPLICATIONS 
TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
   DIAMOND FILMS AND COATINGS 
        TOOLS AND WEAR-RESISTANT PARTS
TABLE 15 PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND TOOL MATERIALS, C-2
  TUNGSTEN CARBIDE, AND SILICON NITRIDE
        AUDIO SPEAKER DIAPHRAGMS
        HEAT SINKS AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS 
             Diamond Film Substrate Application Size Potentials
        READ/WRITE HEADS AND HARD DISKS
        SEMICONDUCTORS 
TABLE 16 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF DIAMOND AND
  OTHER SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
             High-Power Transistors 
             High-Performance (Rapid Response) Transistors 
             High-Temperature Transistors
             Radiation-Hard Transistors 
             Reliable Electronics
        SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE, SENSOR, AND OTHER
           ELECTRONIC DEVICES
             Surface Acoustic Wave Devices
             Sensors
                     Thermistors
                     Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
                     Micro-Electromechanical Systems
             Other Electronic Devices
                     High-Power Microwave Tubes 
                     High-Voltage Electronics 
        OPTICAL AND OPHTHALMIC COATINGS
TABLE 17 FIGURES OF MERIT FOR THERMAL STRESS
  RESISTANCE 
        FIELD EMISSION DEVICES
        MEDICAL DEVICES
             Surgical and Medical Tools
             Implants
        CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
        SPORTS EQUIPMENT 
        CORROSION-, WEAR-, AND TEMPERATURE-RESISTANT
           APPLICATIONS
        OTHER DIAMOND FILM APPLICATIONS 
             X-Ray Masks for Advanced Projection Photolithography 
             X-Ray Targets 
             Knives and Cutting Blades
   DIAMOND-LIKE MATERIALS AND COATINGS
   TABLE 18 DIAMOND-LIKE FILM APPLICATIONS
   TABLE 19 CURRENT APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROGENATED DLC 
           TOOLS AND WEAR-RESISTANT PARTS
           COMPUTER HARD DISKS
           ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS 
           OPTICAL APPLICATIONS
           MEDICAL IMPLANTS 
           CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
           WEAR- AND CORROSION-RESISTANT APPLICATIONS 
           OTHER APPLICATIONS
      CBN COATINGS

CHAPTER FIVE: MARKETS
      SUMMARY
      MARKET SEGMENTS
           APPLICATION SEGMENTS
  TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
     COATINGS BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2009­2015 ($ MILLIONS)
  FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
     COATINGS, 2009­2015 ($ MILLIONS) 
  FIGURE 2 DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE COATING MARKET
     SHARES BY APPLICATION, 2009 VS. 2015 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)
  FIGURE 2 (CONTINUED)
                 Tools and Wear-Resistant Parts
  TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
     FILM IN TOOLS AND WEAR-RESISTANT PARTS, THROUGH 2015
     ($ MILLIONS) 
                           Tools 
  TABLE 22 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-
     LIKE COATINGS FOR CUTTING TOOL INSERTS, 2009 ($
     MILLIONS)
  TABLE 23 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF DIAMOND AND
     DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS FOR CUTTING TOOL INSERTS,
     THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                           Wear-resistant Parts 
  TABLE 24 PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF DIAMOND AND
     DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS FOR CUTTING TOOL INSERTS,
     THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                 Audio Speakers 
  TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND IN HIGH-END AUDIO
     SPEAKER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 
                 Thermal Management Devices
  TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND IN THERMAL
     MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                 Computer Hard Disk and Print/Recording Heads
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS IN
  PRINT/RECORD HEADS AND HARD DISKS, THROUGH 2015 ($
  MILLIONS) 
              Semiconductors 
              Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW), Sensors, and Other
                   Electronic Devices 
TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND MATERIALS USED IN
  SAW FILTERS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES, THROUGH
  2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                        Surface Acoustic Wave Devices 
TABLE 29 GLOBAL SALES OF NEXT GENERATION MOBILE
  HANDSETS, THROUGH 2015
TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND MATERIALS USED IN
  SAW FILTERS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                        Sensors
TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND MATERIALS USED IN
  SENSOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
              Optical Applications 
TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  OPTICAL AND OPHTHALMIC COATINGS THROUGH 2015 ($
  MILLIONS) 
              Cold Cathodes and Flat-panel Displays
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  COATINGS IN FIELD EMISSION DEVICES THROUGH 2015 ($
  MILLIONS)
              Medical Devices
TABLE 34 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  COATINGS IN MEDICAL DEVICES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
              Consumer Applications
TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  COATINGS IN CONSUMER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
  MILLIONS) 
                        Razor Blades
TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS IN
  RAZOR BLADE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
                        Camera Lenses and Watch Glasses
TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  COATINGS IN CAMERA LENSES AND WATCH GLASSES,
  THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
              Sports Equipment 
TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
  COATINGS IN SPORTS EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2015 ($
  MILLIONS) 
              Temperature- and Wear-Resistant Coatings
   TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE
      TEMPERATURE AND WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR
      MILITARY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)
            DIAMOND FILM VERSUS DIAMOND-LIKE FILM . 104
   TABLE 40 DIAMOND FILM VS. DIAMOND-LIKE FILM USAGE BY
      APPLICATION, 2009 ($ MILLION/%)
   FIGURE 3 DIAMOND VS. DLC/CBN COATNG MARKET SHARES,
      2009 VS. 2015 (%)
            GEOGRAPHICAL MARKETS
   FIGURE 4 REGIONAL MARKET SHARES FOR DIAMOND, CBN, AND
      DIAMOND-LIKE THIN FILMS AND COATINGS, 2009 VS. 2015 (%
      OF TOTAL MARKET)

CHAPTER SIX: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION
     U.S. COMPANIES
  TABLE 41 U.S. PRODUCERS OF DIAMOND THIN-FILM PRODUCTS
  TABLE 42 U.S. SUPPLIERS OF DIAMOND THICK FILMS
  TABLE 43 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL U.S. SUPPLIERS OF
    DIAMOND-DEPOSITION SYSTEMS
     INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

CHAPTER SEVEN: COMPANY PROFILES
    ADVANCED DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
    ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS, INC.
    ALCATEL-LUCENT
    AMPLEX SUPERABRASIVES
    APPLIED SCIENCES, INC.
    BOEING COMPANY 
    CONTINENTAL INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND, INC.
    CRYSTALLUME, INC.
    DIAMOND INNOVATIONS, INC.
    DIAMONEX, INC.
    E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO. 
    ELEMENT SIX, LTD.
    FLOWSERVE CORP.
    GLOBAL GILLETTE
    GENERAL MOTORS CORP.
    HARRIS INTERNATIONAL
    IBM CORP. 
    I2A TECHNOLOGIES 
    IONBOND AG .
    KENNAMETAL, INC.
    LOVEJOY TOOL CO., INC.
    NISU LABORATORIES
         OERLIKON BALZERS COATING
         QQC, INC.
         RAYTHEON CO
         SIEMENS AG 
         SURMET CORP.
         TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, INC. 
         VEECO INSTRUMENTS, INC.
         VERTEX DIAMOND TOOL CO.
         XEROX CORP. 

APPENDIX I: OTHER COMPANIES INVOLVED IN DIAMOND AND DIAMOND-LIKE FILMS AND COATINGS
    AEA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
    BAE SYSTEMS
    CANON, INC
    CITIZEN WATCH CO., LTD.
    DENKI KOGYO CO., LTD.
    DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG
    DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG
    FUJITSU LABORATORIES, LTD
    HITACHI, LTD
    HOYA CORP. 
    IDEMITSU PETROCHEMICAL CO., LTD. 
    ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. 
    JAPAN SYNTHETIC RUBBER CO., LTD.
    KOBE STEEL, LTD.
    KYOCERA CORP.
    MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
    MITSUBISHI MATERIALS CORP.
    MITSUI ENGINEERING & SHIPBUILDING CO., LTD.
    MITSUI MINING CO., LTD.
    MONSANTO JAPAN, LTD.
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN INORGANIC
       MATERIALS (NIRIM) .
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY .
    ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE .
    NEC CORP.
    NKK CORP. (NKK) .
    NIKON CORP. 
    NORITAKE DIAMOND INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.
    OKI ELECTRIC INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
    REFMET CEAMICS LTD.
    RICOH CO., LTD.
    SANDVIK AB 
    SEIKO INSTRUMENTS, INC.
        SHOWA DENKO K.K.
        SONY CORP. . 129
        SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRY, LTD.
        TDK CORP.
        TEER COATINGS, LTD.
        TOMEI DIAMOND CO., LTD.
        TOSHIBA CORP. R&D CENTER
        TOYOTA CRDL, INC.
        ULVAC, INC.
        VAKUUMTECHNIK GMBH

APPENDIX II: U.S. UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN DIAMOND, CBN, AND DIAMOND-LIKE FILM RESEARCH
    ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY
    AUBURN UNIVERSITY
    CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY 
    CITY UNIVERSITY 
    CLARKSON UNIVERSITY 
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY
    DARPA TACTICAL TECHNOLOGY
    DREXEL UNIVERSITY
    ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
    GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
    HARVARD UNIVERSITY
    LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB
    LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY
    MARSHALL UNIVERSITY
    MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
    MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
    NASA LEWIS RESEARCH CENTER 
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS & TECHNOLOGY
    NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER 
    NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER
    NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 
    NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER
    NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY
    NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY
    NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
    OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY 
    OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 
    OLIN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 
    PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
    RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE 
    RICE UNIVERSITY
         RUTGERS UNIVERSITY
         SRI INTL. 
         SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
         SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
         STANFORD UNIVERSITY 
         UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS 
         UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
         UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
         UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
         UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 
         UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 
         UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT.
         UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 
         UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
         UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
         UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
         UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
         UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS 
         UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH 
         UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE-KNOXVILLE 
         UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON
         UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS 
         UNIVERSITY OF TULSA 
         UNIVERSITY OF UTAH 
         UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
         VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
         WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
         WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
         WRIGHT LABORATORY

APPENDIX III: FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN DIAMOND, CBN, AND DIAMOND-LIKE FILM RESEARCH 
    AICHI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
    AOYAMA GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
    BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
    BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
    BYELORUSSIAN SSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
    CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
    CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES
    CHENGDU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
    CHIBA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
    CHIBA UNIVERSITY
    CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
CENTER OF SUPER-DIAMOND AND ADVANCED FILMS
  (COSDAF)
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORG.
EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY
EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY
FACHBEREICH PHYSIK 
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SURFACE ENGINEERING AND
  THIN FILMS
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUT FÜR ANGEWANDE
  FESTKÖRPERPHYSIK 
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUT FÜR WERKSTOFFPHYSIK UND
  SCHICHTTECHNOLOGIE
GENERAL PHYSICS INSTITUTE 
HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY 
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY -- MUMBAI 
INSTITUTE FOR SUPERHARD MATERIALS 
INSTITUTE OF MECHNICAL ENGINEERING 
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS
KHARKOV STATE POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
JAPAN FINE CERAMICS CENTER
KING'S COLLEGE OF LONDON 
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND
  TECHNOLOGY
KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY OF SOLID LUBRICATION OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LANZHUO UNIVERSITY
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
NANJING UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 
NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTRE
NATIONAL TAIPEI UNIVERSITY
NETHERLANDS ENERGY RESEARCH FOUNDATION
NIPPON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
OSAKA UNIVERSITY 
ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
RYUKOKU UNIVERSITY
SAITAMA UNIVERSITY
SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY 
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY
SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
STATE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA
TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTER OF FINLAND 
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF LODZ
TOKAI UNIVERSITY
TOKYO DENKI UNIVERSITY 
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
TOYO UNIVERSITY 
UKRAINE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL 
UNIVERSITY OF ELECTROCOMMUNICATIONS 
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTIGEN
UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG
UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI 
UNIVERSITY OF KASSEL
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 
UNIVERSITY OF MELBORNE
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA
UNIVERSITY OF READING
UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA
UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSTRAND
UNIVERSITY OF ULM 
VIENNA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY