This study is an updated version of a report published in 2007. The objective of this report is to review and analyze electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) problems that are encountered in operation of electronic equipment and implications for plastics and competitive materials/technologies used to suppress that interference.

There are several important differences between the shielding industry of today compared with several years ago, led by the increased number and quality of devices and components requiring shielding.

Another issue is the ever-increasing frequencies being encountered along with the proliferation of wireless devices that may result in shifting of shielding options.  In addition, the impact of other technologies such Bluetooth, absorptive EMI, fiber optics, and others will be assessed.  This study will analyze effects on material usage caused by these and other issues.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The size and the growth of the global market for EMI/RFI shielding products is a function of several factors.  Shielding not only closely follows the demand for electronic devices and components but also is a valuable resource to assist manufacturers in complying with ever-changing safety and performance regulations.  Consequently, the study summarizes the somewhat muddled global regulatory environment.

The overview identifies the nature of the EMI/RFI problem, noting how shielding and electronics redesign can, in some instances, overcome these problems.  Technologies and materials specific to EMI/RFI shielding are identified and analyzed for their impact on plastics and other materials within a context of trends in components and devices used in the electronics and other industries such as medical, automotive, and consumer products.

The report begins with an understanding of the issues involved, current state of the electronics and other industries, market for plastics-based shielding options, key participants, shielding technologies, patents, materials, shielding components, a “time line” of global developments, and worldwide regulatory and standards environment for electronic shielding.

Compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) are provided by square feet and 2011 dollars.  An analysis based on volume is not feasible because of the many disparate shielding products.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this report.  Specifically, the following procedures were used to gather information:

• A review of EMI supplier literature
• An analysis of the electronic industry in terms of EMI shielding
• Contacts with EMI suppliers, trade associations, editors of trade magazines, and other knowledgeable sources.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY

With each successive analysis, analysts update participants in the plastics and electronics industries on evolving needs for plastics EMI shielding in enclosures for electronic equipment being manufactured.  Advantages and disadvantages, plus overall cost-effectiveness of the various materials and techniques that electronics original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and systems assemblers are utilizing to shield their plastic enclosure parts, are reported.

This market research offers resin manufacturers, plastics compounders, and plastics processors with an analysis of factors that impact on their ability to serve the electronics industry with neat and/or filled resins.  Concurrently, electronics design engineers and electronics OEMs, and assemblers can evaluate cost/performance advantages of various plastics shielding methods for their particular applications.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE REPORT

• Global demand for EMI/RFI shielding options is estimated at about $4.5 billion in 2011 and is expected to increase to $5.2 billion by 2016, a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8%.
• Metal cabinets will show the largest growth over the forecast period due to several factors, particularly the increased use of higher frequencies. This sector is valued at $649 million in 2011 and is expected to increase at a 3.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach $755 million in 2016.
• The laminates/tapes market will experience the most significant growth, a 6.2% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the forecast period. This sector is worth an estimated $129 million in 2011 and is expected to reach $174 million in 2016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
STUDY OBJECTIVES  1
SCOPE AND FORMAT  1
METHODOLOGY . 2
CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY . 2
ANALYST’S CREDENTIALS . 2
DISCLAIMER . 3

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY  
SUMMARY  4
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL EMI/RFI SHIELDING BY METHOD,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 5
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL EMI/RFI SHIELDING BY METHOD,
2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  5
SUMMARY (CONTINUED)  6

CHAPTER THREE: PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETISM
SYMBOLS AND TERMINOLOGY  7
TABLE 1 SI UNITS AND THEIR SYMBOLS  7
TABLE 2 SI PREFIXES AND THEIR SYMBOLS . 8
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY  8
RADIATION  9
CONDUCTION . 9
IMPEDANCE  9
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) . 10
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS  11
TABLE 3 FREQUENCY LEVELS AND BAND NAMES . 11
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE  11
TABLE 4 EMI TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS  12
SUMMARY OF DEFINITIONS AND RANGES . 13

CHAPTER FOUR: MECHANISMS OF SHIELDING OVERVIEW
BACKGROUND  14
MAJOR EMI PROBLEM AREAS  15
OVERVIEW OF EMI SHIELDING  15
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS . 15
TABLE 5 GENERAL RATINGS OF SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS  16
ATTENUATION 16
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY  16
EMC CONTROL . 17
SHIELDING PERFORMANCE 18
OVERVIEW  18
ABSORPTION  19
REFLECTANCE . 19
PERMEABILITY  20
TABLE 6 TYPICAL MATERIALS FOR LOW-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC
SHIELDING . 21
GALVANIC CORROSION AND METALS COMPATIBILITY  21
TABLE 7 ANODIC INDICES FOR METALS . 22
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONDUCTIVITY AND RESISTIVITY  22
EFFECTS OF EMI/RFI AND STATIC ELECTRICITY  23
BACKGROUND . 23
THE IMPORTANCE OF RADIO FREQUENCY RANGES . 24
CONTROLLING EMI/RFI . 24
Background  24
Review and Summation of EMI Technology . 25
Use of Thermoplastics . 26
EMI Shielding Compounds versus Coatings  27
TABLE 8 COMPARISON BETWEEN EMI SHIELDING COMPOUNDS
AND CONDUCTIVE COATINGS . 28

CHAPTER FIVE: SHIELDING TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS OVERVIEW
FARADAY CAGES/SHIELDS  29
COST AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SHIELDING OPTIONS. 30
COST COMPARISONS  30
TABLE 9 TOTAL RAW MATERIAL AND LABOR COSTS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE MAJOR SHIELDING OPTIONS  31
TABLE 10 RELATIVE COST STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS SHIELDING
OPTIONS ($/LB) . 32
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS . 32
TABLE 11 SUMMARY OF STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF KEY
EMI SHIELDING OPTIONS  33
TABLE 12 QUALITATIVE RATINGS OF THE MAJOR SHIELDING
OPTIONS . 33
TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)  34
EMC SHIELDING NEEDS TO KEEP UP WITH END-USER
REQUIREMENTS . 34
METALLIZATION PROCESSES . 34
BACKGROUND . 34
OVERVIEW  35
METALLIZATION MATERIALS  35
TABLE 13 METALLIZATION MATERIALS—FUNCTIONAL COATING  35
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OVERVIEW BY TYPE OF COATING  35
TABLE 14 SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF KEY COATINGS  36
CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS . 36
OVERVIEW  36
BACKGROUND . 36
FORMULATION OPTIONS  37
HOW DO CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS WORK? . 37
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS . 38
TABLE 15 DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS FOR SELECTED MATERIALS . 39
TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING PLASTICS CONDUCTIVE  39
TABLE 16 HOW TO MAKE PLASTICS CONDUCTIVE . 40
TYPES OF CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS . 40
TABLE 17 SURFACE RESISTIVITY FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICE
SUBSTRATES . 40
TABLE 18 RESISTANCE SPECTRUM FOR METHODS OF MAKING
PLASTICS CONDUCTIVE . 41
FUNCTIONS  42
CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVE SELECTION . 42
CONDUCTIVITY TESTS. 42
REVIEW OF ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  42
Review of Advantages … (Continued)  43
COMPOUNDING CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS . 44
EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES PRODUCING CONDUCTIVE
PLASTICS . 44
TABLE 19 SELECTED KEY COMPANIES PRODUCING CONDUCTIVE
PLASTICS  45
CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC ADDITIVES  45
Overview  45
Background  45
Fibers and Powders . 46
Silver Coatings . 46
Carbon Fibers and Powders  46
Overview  46
Carbon Fibers  47
Carbon Blacks . 47
Metal Fibers . 48
Overview  48
Advantages  49
Metal Fiber Conductivity . 49
Metallized Glass Fibers  50
Nickel-Coated Graphite Fibers  50
Background. 50
Advantages . 51
Stainless Steel Fibers . 52
Overview . 52
Technology  52
Affect on Processing . 52
Fiber Forms  52
Advantages and Disadvantages  53
TABLE 20 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF STAINLESS
STEEL FIBERS . 54
Copper Fibers  54
Conductive Filler Suppliers  55
TABLE 21 SELECTED MAJOR CONDUCTIVE FILLER SUPPLIERS  55
CARBON NANOTUBES  55
Overview  55
Overview (Continued) . 56
Usage in Producing Electrically Conductive Composites  57
Overview  57
Technical Problems . 57
Carbon Nanotube Producers/Suppliers  57
TABLE 22 SELECTED KEY SUPPLIERS OF CARBON NANOTUBES . 57
New Developments in Carbon Nanotubes  58
BASF Introduces Conductive Plastics Using
Carbon Nanotubes . 58
Hyperion New Applications  58
Aerospace Applications . 58
Eikos Receives Funds for U.S. Navy Research  58
Nanocomp Technologies Secures Air Force Contract  59
Other Brief Developments Related to Carbon
Nanotube-Based Electromagnetic Compliance
Include 59
CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS TECHNICAL ISSUES  59
CONDUCTIVE FILMS . 60
OVERVIEW  60
EXAMPLES OF COMPANY PRODUCTS  61
Donatech VCF Series . 61
Z-Flo Conductive Films . 61
INHERENTLY CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS  61
BACKGROUND . 61
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS  61
POLYANILINES  62
OTHER TYPES OF ICPS  62
PRICING. 63
PROSPECTS  63
COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVITIES OF ICPS WITH
METALS, SEMICONDUCTORS, AND INSULATORS  63
TABLE 23 CONDUCTIVITIES OF DOPED ICPS COMPARED WITH
METAL, SEMICONDUCTORS, AND INSULATORS . 63
PROCESSING OPTIONS FOR ICPS  64
TABLE 24 CONDUCTIVITIES OF DOPED ICPS COMPARED WITH
METALS, SEMICONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS . 64
TABLE 25 STABILITY AND PROCESSING ATTRIBUTES OF KEY
ICPS  64
RECENT ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENT . 64
H.C. Starck Activities  64
Polyanilines for EMI Shielding . 65
Other Academic Advances . 65
CONDUCTIVE ELASTOMERS . 65
OVERVIEW  65
TABLE 26 SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF CONDUCTIVE
ELASTOMERS (MEASURED IN DB)  66
TABLE 27 COMPARATIVE TESTING OF CONDUCTIVE
ELASTOMERS FOR GALVANIC CORROSION . 66
TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS RELATED TO EMI  67
EXAMPLES OF CONDUCTIVE ELASTOMER PRODUCTS . 67
Conductive Composites—Midway, Utah  67
Laird Technologies—Chesterfield, Missouri  67
Leader Tech—Tampa, FL  67
CONDUCTIVE COATINGS . 68
INTRODUCTION . 68
BACKGROUND . 68
EMI SHIELDING COMPOUNDS COMPARED WITH
CONDUCTIVE COATINGS . 69
TABLE 28 COMPARING EMI SHIELDING COMPOUNDS AND
CONDUCTIVE COATINGS BY SEVERAL KEY VARIABLES  69
TABLE 28 (CONTINUED)  70
CONDUCTIVE COATING ISSUES  70
COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVE COATINGS  70
TABLE 29 COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVE COATINGS BY
CONDUCTIVITY AND SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS  71
PERFORMANCE OF ALTERNATE CONDUCTIVE COATINGS  71
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  71
PROS AND CONS OF CONDUCTIVE COATINGS . 71
TABLE 30 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CONDUCTIVE
COATINGS FOR EMI SHIELDING  72
CONDUCTIVE COATING COST COMPARISONS . 73
COATING BINDERS . 73
SOLVENT-BASED VERSUS WATERBORNE CONDUCTIVE
COATINGS  74
COPPER, NICKEL, AND SILVER USAGE  74
Advantages of Copper versus Nickel  74
Advantages of Nickel versus Copper  75
Silver  75
Summary of Attributes of the Major Metal Combinations
Used as Conductive Materials . 76
ELECTROPLATED COATINGS . 76
ELECTROLESS PLATING  77
BACKGROUND . 77
OVERVIEW  78
ATTRIBUTES . 78
REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY DETAILS  79
METALS INVOLVED  79
TABLE 31 ELECTROLESS PLATING PROCESS  79
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  79
TABLE 32 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTROLESS
PLATING FOR EMI SHIELDING . 80
PLASTIC SUBSTRATES . 80
APPLICATIONS . 80
TABLE 33 SELECTED APPLICATIONS USING ELECTROLESS
PLATING FOR EMI SHIELDING . 81
MULTILAYERS . 81
TABLE 34 SEQUENCE OF STEPS FOR ELECTROLESS PLATING OF
PLASTICS  81
TABLE 34 (CONTINUED)  82
MEASURING SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS  82
TABLE 35 RELATIVE CONDUCTIVITY OF SHIELDING METALS . 83
DIRECT PLATE . 84
SELECTED COMPANIES INVOLVED IN ELECTROLESS
PLATING  84
TABLE 36 SELECTED KEY SUPPLIERS OF ELECTROLESS PLATING
PRODUCTS  85
VACUUM METALLIZATION  85
BACKGROUND . 85
TECHNOLOGY  86
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  86
TABLE 37 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VACUUM
METALLIZATION FOR EMI SHIELDING . 87
INDUSTRY TEST METHODS  87
VACUUM METALLIZATION PROCESSES  87
Direct Thermal Evaporation . 87
Electron Beam Coatings  88
Cathode Sputtering . 88
CONDUCTIVE PAINTS . 89
OVERVIEW  89
COPPER . 89
SILVER . 89
NICKEL  89
TECHNOLOGIES INVOLVED . 90
SOLVENT VERSUS WATERBORNE . 90
PAINT THICKNESSES . 90
OTHER VARIABLES . 90
APPLICATION OF CONDUCTIVE PAINTS . 91
SHIELDING PERFORMANCE . 91
CONDUCTIVE PAINT COST COMPARISONS . 91
SELECTED TECHNICAL ADVANCES IN CONDUCTIVE
PAINT TECHNOLOGY  92
COMPANIES INVOLVED IN CONDUCTIVE PAINTS  92
THERMAL (ARC) SPRAY  92
OVERVIEW  92
TECHNOLOGY  93
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  93
TABLE 38 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ZINC ARC
SPRAY OF ZINC ARC SPRAY FOR EMI SHIELDING  93
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS . 94
EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES INVOLVED . 94
METALLIZED FOIL LAMINATES AND TAPES . 94
OVERVIEW  94
FLEXIBLE FOIL LAMINATES  95
ADHESIVE METAL TAPES . 96
FABRIC TAPES . 97
EXAMPLES OF COMPANY PRODUCTS  98
The 3M Company . 98
EGC Enterprises’ Tapes  98
Acofab Products . 98
Conductive Foils, Tapes, and Films from Turkey  98
Electronic Tapes  98
EMI Shielding Laminates . 99
Venture Tape Products  99
SOFT FERRITES  99
OVERVIEW  99
BACKGROUND . 100
PROPERTIES . 100
CHOOSING FERRITES FOR EMI SUPPRESSION 101
TABLE 39 PARAMETERS FOR FERRITE SELECTIONS  102
TYPES OF FERRITE SHAPES AND APPLICATIONS  102
TABLE 40 FERRITE DEVICES AND CORRESPONDING
APPLICATIONS  102
TABLE 41 FERRITE APPLICATIONS BY SHAPE . 103
COMPANIES MARKETING SOFT FERRITES . 103
TABLE 42 SELECTED KEY COMPANIES MARKETING SOFT
FERRITES . 103

CHAPTER SIX: SHIELDING COMPONENTS
GASKETS  104
BACKGROUND . 104
TECHNOLOGY  104
ESSENTIAL FEATURES IN EVALUATING EMI GASKETS  105
Shielding Effectiveness . 105
Operating Conditions  105
Compression/Deflection . 105
Compression Set  105
PROPERTIES . 105
SELECTING GASKET TYPES . 106
TABLE 43 TYPICAL SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS FOR MAJOR
TYPES OF GASKETS . 107
GASKET TYPES BY MATERIAL . 107
Background  107
Conductive Fabric over Foam (Fabric-Clad Foam) Gaskets  107
Stamped and Formed Metal Gaskets (Be/Cu Fingerstock) . 108
Conductive Elastomer Gaskets . 108
Wire Mesh Gaskets  109
SOME TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL CONSIDERATIONS. 109
INSTALLATION COST . 110
SHIELDING GASKETS FOR HIGHER FREQUENCIES . 110
TESTING  111
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 111
EMI Shielding Gaskets Can Survive Difficult
Environments . 111
New 3M Gasket Materials for Shielding Applications  112
Laird Technologies New Multiextension Shielding
Gaskets . 112
Conductive Foam Gaskets . 112
Slotless Low-Profile Gaskets . 112
FILTERS . 113
OVERVIEW  113
BACKGROUND INFORMATION . 113
GUIDELINES FOR FILTER SELECTION  114
LOSSY LINE OR DISSIPATIVE FILTERS  115
NEW DEVELOPMENTS/PRODUCTS . 115
Corry Micronics, Inc. . 115
Crane Aerospace Introduces New Line of EMI Filters  116
LCR Electronics New Metallized EMI Filters  116
CONNECTORS AND CABLES  116
BACKGROUND . 116
CABLE CONSTRUCTION  116
EMI CABLE SHIELDING AND ABSORBING MATERIALS . 117
SHIELDING . 117
WINDOWS  117
BACKGROUND . 117
MATERIALS USED . 118
SHIELDING PERFORMANCE . 118
MATERIAL ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES . 119
TABLE 44 COMPARISON OF WINDOW SHIELDING MATERIALS . 119
MAINTENANCE AND PERFORMANCE ISSUES  119
SHIELDED WINDOW PRODUCERS . 120
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 120
Parker Chomerics New Products  120
ENCLOSURES  121
BACKGROUND . 121
SOME PROBLEMS  122
SOME TECHNOLOGY ISSUES . 122
AESTHETICS . 122
SHIELDING OF APERTURES . 123
EMI LEAKAGE  123
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  124
TABLE 45 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF METAL
CABINETS FOR EMI SHIELDING  125
COST CONSIDERATIONS . 125
SUMMING UP THE ISSUES OF EMI AND SHIELDED
ENCLOSURES . 126
SUPPLIERS OF SHIELDED ENCLOSURES  126
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 127
Schlegel Electronics Markets New Tape for Enclosure . 127
New Lightweight EMI Shielded Enclosure  127
ARCHITECTURAL SHIELDING  127
BACKGROUND . 127
BASIC ARCHITECTURAL SHIELDING OPTIONS . 128
SHIELDED ROOM CONSTRUCTION TYPES  128
COMPONENTS  129
TABLE 46 COMPARISON OF ARCHITECTURAL SHIELDING
TECHNOLOGIES  130
NEW DEVELOPMENTS/PRODUCTS . 130
New Architectural Shielding System Provides
Electromagnetic Field Protection  130
COMPANIES INVOLVED . 131
EXAMPLES OF COMPANY PRODUCTS  131
ETS-Lindgren  131
Comtest Engineering . 131
OTHER SHIELDING COMPONENTS  132
BRAIDS  132
Background  132
French Braid Shields . 132
FOIL SHIELDS  132
Background  132
Combination Foil/Braid Shields  133
EMI Shielding Laminates . 133
ADHESIVES . 133
Overview  133
Representative Products . 134
Conductive Adhesives and Sealants  134
United Adhesives Products  134
Pressure-Sensitive Tape Solutions . 134
EMI/RFI Tubular Braided EMI Shielding Products . 134
Shielding Laminates . 135
3M Shielding Tapes  135
Zippertubing Products  135

CHAPTER SEVEN: EMI SHIELDING MARKETS  
BACKGROUND  136
SHIELDING TYPE OVERVIEW . 136
REDESIGNING CIRCUITRY  137
EMI SHIELDING TECHNOLOGY MARKET OVERVIEW . 138
ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF MAJOR TYPES OF
SHIELDING TECHNOLOGIES . 139
OFFSHORE SCENARIO  140

CHAPTER EIGHT: THE EMI SHIELDING MARKET OVERVIEW
EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET BY METHOD . 142
TABLE 47 GLOBAL VOLUME OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING
MARKET, BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2) . 142
TABLE 48 U. S. VOLUME OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET,
BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2) . 142
TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)  143
TABLE 49 EUROPEAN VOLUME OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING
MARKET, BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2) . 143
TABLE 50 ASIAN VOLUME OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET,
BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2) . 144
TABLE 51 ESTIMATED COSTS OF EMI SHIELDING METHODS ($
PER FT.2) 145
TABLE 52 GLOBAL VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET,
BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  145
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET,
BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  146
TABLE 53 U.S. VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET, BY
METHOD, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 147
FIGURE 2 U.S. VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET, BY
METHOD, 2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  147
FIGURE 2 (CONTINUED) . 148
TABLE 54 EUROPEAN VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING
MARKET, BY METHOD, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 148
FIGURE 3 EUROPEAN VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING
MARKET, BY METHOD, 2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 149
TABLE 55 ASIAN VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET, BY
METHOD, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  150
FIGURE 4 ASIAN VALUE OF THE EMI/RFI SHIELDING MARKET,
BY METHOD, 2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  150
CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET  151
TABLE 56 GLOBAL VOLUME OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2)  151
TABLE 57 U.S. VOLUME OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2)  151
TABLE 58 EUROPEAN VOLUME OF CONDUCTIVE COATING
MARKET, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2) . 152
TABLE 59 ASIAN VOLUME OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION FT.2)  152
TABLE 60 GLOBAL VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 153
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  153
TABLE 61 U.S. VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 154
FIGURE 6 U.S. VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET, 2010-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 154
TABLE 62 EUROPEAN VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 155
FIGURE 7 EUROPEAN VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  155
TABLE 63 ASIAN VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 156
FIGURE 8 ASIAN VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE COATING MARKET,
2010-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  156
METAL CABINETS  156
TABLE 64 GLOBAL VOLUME AND VALUE METAL CABINETS IN
EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS)  157
TABLE 65 U.S. VOLUME AND VALUE METAL CABINETS IN
EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS) . 157
TABLE 66 EUROPEAN VOLUME AND VALUE METAL CABINETS IN
EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS)  157
TABLE 67 ASIAN VOLUME AND VALUE METAL CABINETS IN
EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS)  158
CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS . 158
TABLE 68 GLOBAL VOLUME AND VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE
PLASTICS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS) . 158
TABLE 69 U.S. VOLUME AND VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS
IN EMI/RFI, SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS)  158
TABLE 70 EUROPEAN VOLUME AND VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE
PLASTICS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS) . 159
TABLE 71 ASIAN VOLUME AND VALUE OF CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS
IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING 2010-2016 (MILLIONS)  159
MISCELLANEOUS EMI SHIELDING PRODUCTS  159
TABLE 72 GLOBAL VOLUME AND VALUE OF MISCELLANEOUS
PRODUCTS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS) . 160
TABLE 73 U.S. VOLUME AND VALUE OF MISCELLANEOUS
PRODUCTS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, 2010-2016 (MILLIONS) . 160
TABLE 74 EUROPEAN VOLUME AND VALUE OF MISCELLANEOUS
PRODUCTS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, THROUGH 2016 (MILLIONS)  160
TABLE 75 ASIAN VOLUME AND VALUE OF MISCELLANEOUS
PRODUCTS IN EMI/RFI SHIELDING, THROUGH 2016 (MILLIONS)  160

CHAPTER NINE: ADDITIONAL PATTERNS AND USAGE OF SELECTED EMI SHIELDING PRODUCTS
CONDUCTIVE COATINGS . 161
LAMINATES AND TAPES  162
CONDUCTIVE PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS . 163
OVERVIEW  163
MISCELLANEOUS SHIELDING  163
MISCELLANEOUS SHIELDING (CONTINUED)  164

CHAPTER TEN: INDUSTRY COMMENTS ON THE FUTURE OF THE EMI/RFI MARKET
HIGHER FREQUENCIES AND ABSORBENT EMC
TECHNOLOGIES  165
FIBER-OPTIC SYSTEMS  165
CIRCUIT REDESIGN . 165
LOCATIONS . 165
WHAT ABOUT GROWTH AND WHERE . 166

CHAPTER ELEVEN: INDUSTRY/EMI SHIELDING INTERFACE ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY 
OVERVIEW  167
TABLE 76 TYPICAL FIELD LEVELS AND FREQUENCY  167
TABLE 77 SOURCES OF EMI  168
TABLE 78 EXAMPLES OF COMPONENTS WITH EMI/RFI AND ESD
PROBLEMS AND INDUSTRIES INVOLVED  168
TRENDS IN THE ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY  169
EMI Shielding Considerations  169
Impact of Standards  169
MAJOR SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANIES . 170
TABLE 79 TOP GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANIES . 170
TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY  171
OVERVIEW  171
AUTOS  171
Background  171
Automotive EMI Shielding Overview . 171
Automotive EMC Standards . 172
TABLE 80 SELECTED AUTO EMC STANDARDS  173
TABLE 81 SELECTED EUROPEAN AUTO EMC STANDARDS  173
TABLE 82 SELECTED SAE AUTOMOTIVE EMC STANDARDS . 174
AIRCRAFT  174
Background  174
The Aircraft Electromagnetic Environment . 175
Aircraft EMC Categories . 175
Aerospace/Aircraft EMC Compliance Standards . 175
A New Development  176
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY  176
OVERVIEW  176
POTENTIAL EMI PROBLEMS WITH MEDICAL IMPLANTS  177
EFFORTS TO MINIMIZE EMI PROBLEMS IN THE MEDICAL
ARENA  178
WIRELESS ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT EFFECTS IN
HOSPITALS  179
Background  179
Wireless Phones and Hearing Aids . 179
Wireless Phones and Cardiac Pacemakers . 179
Wireless Phones and ICDs  180
Cellular Phone Interference  180
EXAMPLES OF CRITICAL HOSPITAL EMI AREAS . 180
MANAGING HOSPITAL EMC  181
MATERIALS USED FOR SHIELDING MEDICAL DEVICES . 181
MEDICAL EMC STANDARDS . 182
Overview  182
IEC 60601-1-2  183
Other Standards for the Medical Industry . 183
TABLE 83 SELECTED ADDITIONAL MEDICAL EMI STANDARDS . 183
NEW DEVELOPMENTS . 184
Higher Resolution Imaging and Other New Technologies
Need to be Protected from EMI . 184
APPLIANCES . 184
OVERVIEW  184
EMC COMPLIANCE  185
OTHER CONSUMER PRODUCTS . 186

CHAPTER TWELVE: OTHER TECHNOLOGIES IMPACTING EMI/RFI MARKETS  
FIBER OPTICS . 187
OVERVIEW  187
TECHNOLOGY  187
Technology (Continued) . 188
TABLE 84 BANDWITH AND APPLICATIONS OF COPPER AND
FIBER-OPTIC CABLES  189
FIBER OPTIC CURRENT SCENARIO  189
Background  189
Wireless Needs Fiber to Expand . 189
LAN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 190
TABLE 85 COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAN MEDIA . 191
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN LAN . 191
New Wireless LAN Modules . 191
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY  192
OVERVIEW  192
INTERFERENCE ISSUES  192
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  193
AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS  193
ABSORPTIVE EMI CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES  193
OVERVIEW  193
TECHNOLOGY OF EMC ABSORBERS . 194
MARKETS  195
COMPANIES INVOLVED IN MICROWAVE ABSORBERS . 196
EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS USED AS MICROWAVE
ABSORBERS . 196
Ferrites . 196
Microwave Foam Absorber Materials . 196
EMI Absorber Tubes  197
CONCEPT OF HIGH FREQUENCIES . 197
OVERVIEW  197
TRENDS . 197
SOME TECHNOLOGY DETAILS . 198
IMPACT OF OTHER SHIELDING CHOICES . 198
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ABOVE 1 GHZ . 199
International Standards Above 1 Ghz (Continued) . 200

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: RECENT PATENTS
RECENT PATENTS . 201
BOARD-TO BOARD CONNECTOR ASSEMBLY WITH EMI
SHIELDING  201
TECHNIQUES FOR PROVIDING EMI SHIELDING WITHIN A
CIRCUIT BOARD COMPONENT  201
COMBINED BOARD-LEVEL EMI SHIELDING AND THERMAL
MANAGEMENT  201
EMI SHIELDING TECHNIQUES USING MULTIPLE EMI SHIELD
WHICH SHARE THE SAME CIRCUIT BOARD HOLES . 202
DURABLE EMI SHIELDING FILM . 202
RECENT PATENTS (CONTINUED)  202
HIGH-DENSITY CONNECTOR WITH EMI SHIELDING  202
EMI SHIELDING GASKETS . 202
METAL CAGE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR EMI SHIELDING  203
COMPOSITE POLYMERIC MATERIAL FOR EMI SHIELDING . 203
METHODS AND APPARAUS FOR EMI SHIELDING IN MULTICHIP
MODULES . 203
RECENT PATENTS (CONTINUED)  203
ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH EMI ASSEMBLY  203
TAMPER-EVIDENT TAPE WITH INTEGRATED EMI SHIELDING  203
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR EMI SHIELDING  204
MULTIPIECE APPARATUS FOR THERMAL AND EMI SHIELDING
ENHANCEMENT IN DIE-UP ARRAY PACKAGES . 204
LIQUID-COOLED RACK WITH PRECOOLER AND POST-COOLER
HEAT EXCHANGERS USED FOR EMI SHIELDING . 204
RECENT PATENTS (CONTINUED)  204

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPLIANCE (EMC)
STANDARDS  
WHAT ARE ELECTRONIC STANDARDS?  205
PURPOSE OF EMC STANDARDS/REGULATIONS . 205
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS . 205
COMPLIANCE TESTING AND CERTIFICATION  206
OVERVIEW  206
CRITICAL PATH FOR EMC . 206
SAFETY COMPLIANCE . 206
REGULATORY AND STANDARDS BODIES AND DIRECTIVES . 206
OVERVIEW  206
REGULATORY AND STANDARDS BODIES  207
SELECTED LIST OF EMC STANDARDS/DIRECTIVES . 208
CISPR (Which Relate to EMC Emission Test Methods and
Limits) . 208
IEC Standards (Mostly Part of the IEC 61,000 Group) . 208
ISO Standards on Automotive EMC Issues . 208
European Standards Concerning Unwanted Electrical
Emissions  209
MILITARY/EMC STANDARDS/SPECFICATIONS . 209
ACTIVITIES FROM 2010 IEC (INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION) ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON EMC (ACEC)  209
FDA UNITED STATES REQUIREMENTS  210
OVERVIEW  210
SUBASSEMBLIES . 211
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS. 211
BACKGROUND . 211
COMPLIANCE . 211
WEEE . 212
ROHS  212

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: COMPANY PROFILES  
A.K. STAMPING COMPANY, INC. . 213
AD-VANCE MAGNETICS  213
ALCO TECHNOLOGIES  214
AMUNEAL MANUFACURING CORPORATION  214
COILCRAFT, INC.  215
CUMING MICROWAVE CORPORATION  215
CYBERSHIELD, INC.  215
DOW CORNING COROPORATION  216
ELASTOMERIC SPECIALTIES, INC.  216
ENTHONE-OMI, INC.  217
ETS-LINDGREN . 217
FERRONICS, INC. . 217
FUJIPOLY AMERICA CORPORATION . 218
GREENE RUBBER COMPANY  218
INTERMARK USA . 219
LAIRD TECHNOLOGIES  219
LEADER TECH  220
MAGNETIC SHIELD CORPORATION . 220
MAJR PRODUCTS . 221
MARIAN, INC.  221
MARTEK, INC. . 222
MICROSORB TECHNOLOGIES . 222
THE MUSHIELD COMPANY  223
OMEGA SHIELDING PRODUCTS, INC. . 223
ORION INDUSTRIES, INC.  224
PANASHIELD, INC. . 224
PARKER CHOMERICS  225
PREMIX THERMOPLASTICS . 225
PRESSCUT INDUSTRIES, INC. . 226
RTP, INC.  226
SAS INDUSTRIES, INC.  227
SCHAFFNER EMC, INC. . 227
SCHLEGEL SYSTEMS, INC.  228
SELECO, INC.  229
SHIELDEX TRADING USA . 229
STOCKWELL ELASTOMERICS, INC. . 230
SWIFT TEXTILE METALLING, LLC . 230
TDK CORPORATION OF AMERICA  231
TECH-ETCH, INC. . 231
TECKNIT, INC.  232
3M ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS DIVISION . 232
THRUST INDUSTRIES . 233
TUSONIX, INC.  233
VTI VACUUM TECHNOLOGIES  233
ZIPPERTUBING COMPANY, INC. . 234
APPENDIX  235
MAJOR PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES  235
IEEE EMC SOCIETY  235
SAE . 235
SAE (Continued)  236
ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS  237
ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS . 237
ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY … (CONTINUED) 238
ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY … (CONTINUED) 244