This report addresses specifics of technologies for Passive Optical Networks. It also analyzes related markets, the industry and major applications for this type of access technologies.

In particular, the report concentrates on:

-GE-PON – 1 Gb/s technology – developed by the IEEE
-10GE-PON – 10 Gb/s technology – developed by the IEEE
-10G-PON – 10 Gb/s technology – standardized by ITU
-RFoG – RF over Glass technology – standardized by Society of Cable and Telecommunications Engineers.

The choice of selected topics was prompted by results of the analysis major trends in fiber optics broadband access technologies and users’ demand:

-Ethernet became an official data standard
-“Ethernet everywhere” concept is being implemented, and proliferation of the technology extends from desktops to core networks
-E-PON keeps all major features of Ethernet 
-Users’ demand of higher bandwidth
-A key trend in the telecommunications industry is the extension of fiber deeper into the network to provide increased video capacity, voice and ultra-broadband data services to business and residential customers. RFoG is one of such technologies, which brings fiber to a customer’s premises.
-Coexistence. 10 Gb/s PONs are being developed as an extension of 1 Gb/s technology. Though future PONs (40 Gb/s and up) will not be necessary tied to the existing networks, the analyzed in the report period of time restricted by coexistence of older and newer technologies; the market development and price-efficiency make this one of the major factors for technologies to succeed.
-One more trend was emphasized in the report: ICs microminiaturization and advanced packaging allow creating compact and cost-efficient platform that may support various technologies, including GE-PON, G-PON, 10GE-PON and 10G-PON as well as other. 

The report aim is to reach to a wide audience of technical, management and sales staff involved in the development of telecommunications and related industries.

Research Methodology

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

Target Audience

This report is important to a wide population of researches, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of the PON services and products.  It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to understand issues associated with relationship between PON and other technologies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.0 Introduction 10
1.1 General 10
1.2 PON Appearance 10
1.3 PON: Ethernet Family 11
1.4 FSAN-ITU 12
1.5 RFoG 12
1.6 Scope 12
1.5 Research Methodology 13
1.6 Target Audience 13

2.0 History 14
2.1 PON Development 14
2.1.1 Why PON? 14
2.1.2 The PON Proposition 15
2.1.3 Principles 16
2.1.4 Standards 17
2.1.5 PON Classification 19
2.2 Types 21
2.2.1 A-PON 21
2.2.1.1 General 21
2.2.1.2 Frame Structure 22
2.2.2 B-PON 23
2.2.2.1 General 23
2.2.2.2 Wavelength Allocation 23
2.2.2.3 Rate 24
2.2.2.4 Services 24
2.2.2.5 Split Ratio 24
2.2.3 G-PON 25
2.2.3.1 General 25
2.3 PON Elements 26
2.3.1 Optical Line Termination (OLT) 26
2.3.1.1 PON Core Shell 27
2.3.1.2 Cross-connect Shell 27
2.3.1.3 Service Shell 27
2.3.2 Optical Network Unit (ONU) 28
2.3.3 Optical Distribution Network (ODN) 28

3.0 Road to Ethernet-based PON 29
3.1 Reasons 29
3.2 Format 29

4.0 GE-PON Standard 32
4.1 Formats of Transmission 32
4.1.1 Downstream and Upstream Separation 33
4.1.2 Frequencies 33
4.1.3 Topology 33
4.1.4 Downstream Transmission 33
4.1.5 Upstream Transmission 34
4.1.6 Framing 35
4.2 Rates 37
4.2.1 Point-to-Point (P2P) Transmission 37
4.2.2 Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Transmission 38
4.2.3 Physical Layer 38
4.3 Multi-Point Control Protocol (MPCP) 39
4.3.1 General 39
4.3.2 Modes 40
4.3.2.1 Auto-Discovery 40
4.3.2.2 Bandwidth Assignment Mode 41
4.4 Topology Emulation Sub-layer 42
4.5 OAM 42
4.6 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 44
4.7 Security 44
4.7.1 General 44
4.7.2 Solution 44
4.8 Quality of Service (QoS) and GE-PON 45
4.9 GE-PON vs. FSAN Technologies 46
4.9.1 GE-PON Challenges 46
4.9.2 Parameters 47
4.9.3 Formats 47
4.9.4 Summary 47
4.9.5 Comparison 48

5.0 GE-PON Market 51
5.1 PON Commercialized 51
5.2 GE-PON Market Estimate 52
5.2.1 Equipment 54
5.2.2 Providers Revenue 55

6.0 GE-PON Vendors 55
Ad-Net 55
Broadcom 57
Corecess 57
Enablence 59
Marvell 60
Mitsubishi Electric 61
NEC 62
OBN 63
Occam 64
OFN 65
OpticalZonu 67
PBN 68
Phyworks 69
PMC 70
UTStarcom 72
Source Photonics 73
Sun Telecom 75
Sumitomo Electric Networks 75
Tainet 76
Vitesse 77
Wuhan Xunten 77
ZTE 78

7.0 PON Advances 80
7.1 10 Gb/s E-PON 80
7.1.1 Goal 80
7.1.2 IEEE - Standardization 80
7.1.2.1 General 80
7.1.2.2 Schedule 81
7.1.2.3 Standard’s Scope and Objectives 81
7.2 10GE-PON Technology 82
7.2.1 Inheritance 82
7.2.2 ONU Types 84
7.2.3 Major Improvements and Details 85
7.2.3.1 Improved FEC 85
7.2.3.2 Interfaces and Power Budget 85
7.2.3.3 Signal Formats and MAC Protocol 87
7.2.3.3.1 Transmission 87
7.2.3.3.2 Spectrum Allocation 87
7.2.3.3.3 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 88

8.0 IEEE vs. ITU 89

9.0 10GE-PON Market 90
9.1 General 90
9.2 Drivers and Target Applications 91
9.2.1 Major Applications 91
9.2.2 Regional Differences 91
9.3. Market Estimate 92

10.0 10GE-PON Vendors 94
Alloptic (Was acquired by CTDI in 2010) 94
Cortina 95
HISense 96
Hitachi 97
Huawei 98
Gennum 98
GigaLight 99
K-Micro 100
Mitsubishi Electric 100
Neophotonics 101
Opulan (Atheros) 102
PMC-Siera 103
Teknovus (Was acquired by Broadcom in 2010) 104
Vitesse 106
ZTE 106

11.0 Examples: 10GE-PON Trials and Demonstration (2009-2010) 108
11.1 ZTE 108
11.2 Opulan (Atheros), Hisense and Vitesse 108

12.0 RFoG Technology Development 109
12.1 Scope 109
12.1.1 Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) Technology 109
12.1.2 RFoG Solution 110
12.1.2.1 General 110
12.1.2.1.1 Standardization 111
12.1.2.2 Transmission 113
12.1.2.3 Target 113
12.1.2.4 RFoG Major Benefits and Issues 114
12.1.2.5 Mechanism 116
12.1.3 Similarities and Differences 117
12.2 Future Extensions – RF-PON 118
12.2.1 Projects Samples 122
12.3 Market Estimate 123
12.4 RFoG Vendors 125
Alloptic –CTDI (Alloptic was acquired by CTDI in 2010) 125
Arris 127
Aurora Networks 128
Calix 129
Cisco 131
Commscope 132
Electroline 133
Enablence 134
Hitachi 134
Lootom 136
Motorola 136
PBN 138
QAMnet 139
Tellion 141

13.0 10G-PON 143
13.1 Status 143
13.1.1 History 143
13.1.1.1 Smooth Migration 145
13.1.1.2 Support 145
13.1.1.3 FSAN/ITU-T NG-PON 145
13.1.1.3.1 Evolution 146
13.1.1.3.2 Recommendations 147
13.2 Comparison 149
13.3 Vendors 150
Alcatel-Lucent 150
Huawei 151
Motorola 152
NeoPhotonics 153
Xelerated 153
ZTE 154

14.0 Conclusions 157
Appendix I: IEEE P1904.1 Working Group: Standard for Service Interoperability in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (SIEPON) 158

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: PON Reference Model 
Figure 2: PON Details 
Figure 3:  PON Architecture Illustration 
Figure 4: A-PON Illustration 
Figure 5: B-PON Enhancements (Downstream) 
Figure 6: G-PON Illustration 
Figure 7: OLT Functional Block Diagram 
Figure 8: ONU Functional Block Diagram 
Figure 9: Ethernet Channel Simplified 
Figure 10: Ethernet Frame – Basic Structure 
Figure 11: GE-PON Channel 
Figure 12: Illustration – Downstream Transmission 
Figure 13: Illustration - Upstream Transmission 
Figure 14: Illustration – Downstream Frame 
Figure 15: Upstream Frame 
Figure 16: GE-PON OAM Process Standardization 
Figure 17: GE-PON Functionality Layers 
Figure 18:  Penetration Dependence 
Figure 19: Asia Pacific: Subscribers Base for GE-PON (Mil.) 
Figure 20: Asia Pacific: GE-PON Market Development (Equipment Sales TAM $B) 
Figure 21: Estimate: GE-PON Providers Revenue (Asia Pacific; $M) 
Figure 22: GE-PON – 10GE-PON Scenario 
Figure 23: 10GE-PON Protocol Stack 
Figure 24: 10GE-PON Spectrum Allocation 
Figure 25: U.S. Providers 
Figure 26: TAM: Asia Pacific 10GE-PON Equipment sales ($B) 
Figure 27: HFC Frequencies Assignment Illustration 
Figure 28: HFC and RFoG Illustration 
Figure 29: RFoG and GE-PON Frequencies Allocation 
Figure 30: Illustration: PON Overlay 
Figure 31: Comparative Characteristics 
Figure 32: Estimate: U.S. FRoG Equipment Sales ($M) 
Figure 33: Estimate: U.S. Service Providers Revenue-New RFoG Installations ($M) 
Figure 34: Evolution Illustration 
Figure 35: Process 

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: PON Standardization 
Table 2:  G-PON Signal Rates 
Table 3:  EFM Physical Layer 
Table 4: Major PON Providers: Illustration 
Table 5: PON Service Scenarios 
Table 6: GE-PON Statistics 
Table 7: GE-PON Equipment Market Components Distribution (2010) 
Table 8: IEEE 802.3av WG Schedule 
Table 9: PRX30 Downstream Specification
Table 10: Interfaces
Table 11: Frequency Plans
Table 12: Comparison
Table 13: G.987 Family
Table 14: PONs Comparison