In October 2006, David R. Smith of Duke University and other researchers announced that they had created an “invisibility shield.”  Using concentric rings of fiberglass, circuit boards that had been printed with millimeter-scale metal wires, and C-shaped split rings, the researchers were able to divert microwaves around a metal cylinder placed at the center of the ring.  The microwaves behaved as though there was nothing there.  

In principle, there is no reason why a similar device that cloaks an object from visible light could not be built, although such a visible-light cloak is probably years away from becoming a reality.  While not yet exactly the stuff of science fiction, the invisibility cloak is probably the most dramatic demonstration so far of what can be achieved with metamaterials, which are composites made up of precisely arranged patterns of two or more distinct materials.

Metamaterials can manipulate electro-magnetic radiation (e.g., light) in ways not readily observed in nature.  Photonic crystals, which are periodic dielectric structures that diffract light of specific wavelengths and do not allow that light to leave the structure (i.e. the band gap), present a current example of optical metamaterials.  Photonic crystals have a number of commercial applications, such as in ultrabright light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

Other commercial applications of metamaterials include radio frequency (RF) metamaterial air interface solutions for high-performance wireless communications networks.  Most practical applications of metamaterials technology, however, still lie in the future, such as magnetic metamaterials for ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectors and acoustical metamaterials for noise barriers.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Metamaterials offer seemingly endless possibilities, but it is unlikely that all of these possibilities will become reality.  The goal of this report is to survey emerging metamaterials technologies and applications, identify those that are most likely to achieve significant commercial sales in the next 5 to 10 years, and develop quantitative estimates of potential sales.  The report generally avoids futuristic speculation concerning technology applications that might be possible 10 years or further into the future and instead focuses on applications that are expected make it to market by 2021.

The report’s specific objectives, which include identifying the metamaterials with the greatest commercial potential in the 2012 to 2021 time frame, identifying market drivers and evaluating obstacles to their successful commercialization, and projecting their future sales, support this broad goal.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended specifically for marketing executives, entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists, and other readers who need to know where the emerging metamaterials market is headed over the next 5 to 10 years.  The information is organized around specific technologies, but it is largely non-technical in nature and coverage.  Therefore, it is less concerned with theory and jargon, and more concerned with products that work, the amount of a particular product the market is likely to purchase, and the price consumers are willing to pay.  

The report has not been written specifically for scientists and technologists, but its findings concerning the market for their work, including the availability of government and corporate research funding for different technologies and applications, should be of interest to them as well.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

This report addresses the emerging global market for metamaterials, including the following classes.  The common thread uniting this diverse group of materials is that they are all artificial materials with characteristics usually not found in nature, and they owe these characteristics to their structure rather than to their constituent element or elements.

• Artificial dielectrics
• Negative refraction media
• Active terahertz (THz) materials (i.e., metamaterials that respond magnetically to far-infrared or THz electromagnetic radiation)
• Chiral materials
• Photonic crystals
• Superconducting metamaterials
• Extreme-parameter metamaterials (i.e., metamaterials whose internal structure has been modified or engineered on a molecular or nanoscale level to impart extraordinary strength, flexibility, or other characteristics)
• Acoustic metamaterials

The study format includes the following major elements:

• Executive summary
• Definitions
• General properties of metamaterials
• Historical milestones in the development of metamaterials
• Emerging and developmental metamaterials technologies and applications that demonstrate the greatest commercial potential through 2021
• Detailed market estimates and projections for each application and material during the period from 2011 to 2016
• General assessment of expected market trends in the longer term (i.e., 2016–2021)
• Patent analysis

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION  
    STUDY BACKGROUND  
    STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES   
    INTENDED AUDIENCE
    SCOPE AND FORMAT  
    INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY  
    ANALYST CREDENTIALS  
    DISCLAIMER   

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   
  SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS
    APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($
    MILLIONS)  7
  SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS
    APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2011-2021 ($ MILLIONS)  8

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 
     GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF METAMATERIALS  9
           DEFINITION 9
           HISTORY  10
     TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF METAMATERIALS   11
  TABLE 1 MAJOR TYPES OF METAMATERIALS   11
  TABLE 1 (CONTINUED)  12
           ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS  12
                Artificial Dielectrics  12
                Negative Refraction Media  13
                Active Terahertz Metamaterials   13
                Chiral Materials  14
                Photonic Crystals  14
                Superconducting Metamaterials   15
                Magnetic Nanocomposites   16
           ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS   16
           EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS   16
     OVERALL MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION 17
           MARKET SIZE   17
  FIGURE 1 TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR
     METAMATERIALS, 2010­2021 ($ MILLIONS)  17
           TYPES OF METAMATERIALS  18
  TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY MATERIAL
     TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   18
  FIGURE 2 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY
     METAMATERIAL TYPE, 2010­2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)  19
            END USES   20
   TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY END-USE
      SECTOR, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   20
   FIGURE 3 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY END
      USE, 2010­2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)  21

CHAPTER FOUR: ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021  
      MATERIALS   22
           PROPERTIES   22
      APPLICATIONS   23
           WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS  23
           AUTOMOTIVE RADAR   24
           AIRBORNE ANTENNAS  25
      MARKETS   26
           SUMMARY   26
  TABLE 4 MARKET FOR ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021
     ($ MILLIONS)  26
  FIGURE 4 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET,
     2010­2021 ($ MILLIONS)   27
  FIGURE 5 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET BY
     APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)   28
           AUTOMOTIVE RADAR   28
  TABLE 5 MATERIALS CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH
     AUTOMOTIVE RADAR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($
     MILLIONS)  29
           AIRBORNE ANTENNAS  30
  TABLE 6 AIRBORNE ANTENNAS AND RELATED MARKET FOR
     METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   30
           WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS  31
  TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR 4G DATA COMMUNICATION
     EQUIPMENT AND POTENTIAL SUCCESSOR TECHNOLOGIES,
     THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  32
  TABLE 8 SMART ANTENNAS AND THE RELATED MARKET FOR
     ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  32

CHAPTER FIVE: NEGATIVE REFRACTION MEDIA: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021
     MATERIALS   33
          PROPERTIES   33
  FIGURE 6 NEGATIVE REFRACTION  33
          EXAMPLES  34
              Copper-Fiberglass Media  34
              Gold Nanorods   34
              Layered Ferromagnets  35
                 Nanoscale Silver  35
                           Silver Thin Films  35
                           Nanoscale Silver Mesh Structure  35
                           Nanoscale Grid of Coupled Silver Tubes   36
                           Silver Nanowires Embedded in Alumina  36
                 Silicon Nitride/Silver/Gold Prism Sandwich  36
                 Yttrium Vanadate Crystals   36
                 Teflon-Ceramic-Copper Capacitor Material   37
                 Naturally Occurring Negatively Refractive Materials  37
      APPLICATIONS   37
           OPTICAL MICROSCOPY  38
           PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY 38
           DATA STORAGE   39
           OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS   39
      MARKETS   40
           SUMMARY   40
   TABLE 9 MARKET FOR NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE
      METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  41
   FIGURE 7 TRENDS IN THE NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE
      METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­-2021 (%
      OF TOTAL MARKET)   41
   FIGURE 7 (CONTINUED)  42
           OPTICAL MICROSCOPES 42
   TABLE 10 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  43
           NEAR-FIELD PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY   43
   TABLE 11 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  44
           DATA STORAGE   44
   TABLE 12 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN DATA STORAGE
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  45
           MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING   45
   TABLE 13 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN MRI APPLICATIONS,
      THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  45
                 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)   46

CHAPTER SIX: ACTIVE TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021
     MATERIALS   47
          PROPERTIES   47
  FIGURE 8 SPLIT-RING RESONATOR   48
     APPLICATIONS   49
          NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING  49
          MEDICAL IMAGING  50
               Intraoperative Imaging   51
                   Skin Cancer Detection   52
                   Clinical Dentistry  52
             AIRPORT SECURITY  52
                   Airport Security (Continued)  53
       MARKETS   54
             SUMMARY   54
   TABLE 14 MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS, THROUGH
      2021 ($ MILLIONS)   54
   FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN THE THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS
      MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (% OF TOTAL
      MARKET)   55
             AIRPORT SECURITY  55
   TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER AIRPORT
      SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($
      MILLIONS)  56
             NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING  57
   TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER RADIOGRAPHIC
      NDT EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  57
             MEDICAL IMAGING  58
   TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ MEDICAL IMAGING
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  58
   TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS
      IN MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($
      MILLIONS)  59
                   Intraoperative Imaging   59
   TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING
      EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   59
   FIGURE 10 INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
      SHARES, 2010 (%)   60
   TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE THZ IMAGING
      EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   61
                   Skin Cancer Detection   61
   TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ SKIN CANCER IMAGING
      EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   61
                   Clinical Dentistry  62
   TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ DENTAL CARIES IMAGING
      EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   62

CHAPTER SEVEN: CHIRAL MATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010­-2021 
     MATERIALS   63
  FIGURE 11 CHIRALITY   63
          PROPERTIES   63
              Electromagnetic Chiral Metamaterials  64
                        Optical Activity   64
                            Circular Dichroism   64
                            Negative Refraction  64
                            Artificial Magnetism   64
                   Enantioselectivity  65
             EXAMPLES  65
                   Optically Active Chiral Metamaterials  65
   FIGURE 12 OPTICALLY ACTIVE CHIRAL METAMATERIAL  66
                   Asymmetric Catalysts   66
       APPLICATIONS   67
             POLARIZATION CODING OF QUANTUM INFORMATION  67
             CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY   68
             CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION   68
                   Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production (Continued)  69
                   Chemical and Pharmaceutical   (Continued)   69
       MARKETS   70
             SUMMARY   70
   TABLE 23 MARKET FOR CHIRAL METAMATERIALS, THROUGH
      2021 ($ MILLIONS)   70
   FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL METAMATERIALS MARKET,
      2010­2021 ($ MILLIONS)   71
   FIGURE 14 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL MATERIALS MARKET BY
      APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (% OF TOTAL MARKET)   72
             QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING   72
   TABLE 24 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN QUANTUM ENCRYPTION
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  73
             CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY   73
   TABLE 25 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN THROUGH 2021 ($
      MILLIONS)  74
             CATALYSIS  74
   TABLE 26 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN CATALYSIS
      APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   75
                   Pharmaceuticals  75
   TABLE 27 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN
      PHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($
      MILLIONS)  76
   FIGURE 15 TRENDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET FOR
      ASYMMETRIC CATALYSTS, 2010­2021 ($ MILLIONS)  76
                   Other Chemicals  77
   TABLE 28 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN OTHER
      CHEMICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   77

CHAPTER EIGHT: PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021  
    MATERIALS   78
         PROPERTIES   78
FIGURE 16 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE   78
               Two-dimensional Versus Three-dimensional Crystals  79
FIGURE 17 2D VERSUS 3D PHOTONIC CRYSTALS   80
               Defects  80
FIGURE 18 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL POINT DEFECT  81
               Static Versus Tunable Crystals  81
        COMPOSITION 82
        FABRICATION  82
               Micromachining   83
               Microlithographic Techniques  83
                         Layer-by-layer Fabrication   84
FIGURE 19 WOOD PILE STRUCTURE  84
                         Autocloning   85
FIGURE 20 AUTOCLONED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE  86
                         Holographic Lithography  86
                         Multibeam Interference Lithography  87
                         Glancing Angle Deposition   87
               Stack Methods   87
               Low-temperature Deposition  88
               Self-assembly   89
                         Opal Method  89
                         Other Self-assembly Techniques  89
               Drawing and Extruding  90
   APPLICATIONS   90
        FIBER LASERS   91
        FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS   91
        HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES   92
        SENSORS   93
        OPTICAL COMPUTING 94
        DATA STORAGE   95
        OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS   95
               Optical Communications Add/Drop Filters (Continued)   96
        SOLAR CELLS   97
        OTHER APPLICATIONS  97
   MARKETS   98
        SUMMARY   98
TABLE 29 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($
   MILLIONS)  98
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL
   METAMATERIALS, 2010­2021 ($ MILLIONS)  99
FIGURE 22 TRENDS IN THE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS MARKET BY
   APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (%)  100
        FIBER LASERS   101
   TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER
     USED IN FIBER LASER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($
     MILLIONS)  101
   TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FIBER LASERS, THROUGH 2021 ($
     MILLIONS)  101
           HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES   102
   TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS,
     THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  102
   TABLE 33 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS IN
     THE FABRICATION OF HB-LEDS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   103
           SOLAR CELLS   103
   TABLE 34 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED
     PHOTOVOLTAICS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC
     CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   104
           DATA STORAGE   104
   TABLE 35 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED DATA
     STORAGE PRODUCTS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF
     PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   105
           SENSORS   105
   TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR QUANTUM DOTS IN
     BIODETECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  105
   TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL
     FLUORESCENCE ENHANCERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  106
           OPTICAL COMPUTING 106
   TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE
     PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  107
   TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL-
     OPTICAL PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   107
           FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS   108
   TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED
     DISPLAYS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC
     CRYSTAL MATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   108
           OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS   109
   TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL ADD/DROP
     FILTERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   109

CHAPTER NINE: SUPERCONDUCTING METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021  
    MATERIALS   110
         PROPERTIES   110
         EXAMPLES  111
    END USES  112
         HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS   112
               High-Performance Computers (Continued)  113
         ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES   114
      MARKETS   114
           SUMMARY   114
   TABLE 42 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER
      METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  115
   FIGURE 23 TRENDS IN THE SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER
      METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (%
      OF TOTAL MARKET)   115
   FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED)  116
           HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS   116
   TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SPECIALIZED HPC PROCESSORS,
      THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  116
   TABLE 44 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING INTEGRATED
      CIRCUITS USED IN QUANTUM AND OTHER HIGH-
      PERFORMANCE AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF
      METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   117
           ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES   117
   TABLE 45 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRIC
      TRANSMISSION WIRES AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF
      METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   118

CHAPTER TEN: EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS:  MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010-­2021
     MATERIALS   119
          PROPERTIES   119
          FABRICATION  120
                Consolidation of Nanoparticles into Monolithics   120
                Severe Plastic Deformation   120
          EXAMPLES  120
                Nanostructured Steel  121
                High-Strength Titanium   121
     END USES  121
          MEDICAL DEVICES   122
                Surgical Needles  122
                High-strength Medical and Dental Implants   122
          STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL   122
     MARKETS   123
          SUMMARY   123
  TABLE 46 MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS,
     THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  123
  FIGURE 24 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME-PARAMETER
     METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010­2021 (%
     OF TOTAL MARKET)   124
          MEDICAL DEVICES   124
  TABLE 47 MEDICAL DEVICE MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER
     METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   125
               Surgical Needles  125
   TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL
     SUTURE NEEDLES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)   125
               High-strength Medical and Dental Implants   125
   TABLE 49 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND
     NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM IN MEDICAL IMPLANTS,
     THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  126
           STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL   126
   TABLE 50 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL,
     THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  127
               Steel Coatings  127
   TABLE 51 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL
     COATINGS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  127
               Structural Steel   128
   TABLE 52 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED
     STRUCTURAL STEEL, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  128

CHAPTER ELEVEN: MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES: MATERIALS,
  END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010­2021   129
     MATERIALS   129
          PROPERTIES   129
          FABRICATION  129
     END USES  129
          MAGNETIC REFRIGERATORS   130
          SPINTRONICS   130
     MARKETS   130
  TABLE 53 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF MAGNETIC
    NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
    APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  130

CHAPTER TWELVE: ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, 2010­-2021
      MATERIALS   131
            PROPERTIES   131
            FABRICATION  131
      END USES  132
            ULTRASOUND IMAGING  132
            ACOUSTIC CLOAKS   132
            SEISMIC PROTECTION   133
      MARKETS   133
            SUMMARY   133
  TABLE 54 MARKET FOR ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS, THROUGH
     2021 ($ MILLIONS)   134
  FIGURE 25 TRENDS IN THE ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET
     BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010-2021 (%)   134
   FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED)  135
           ULTRASOUND IMAGING  135
   TABLE 55 METAMATERIALS MARKET FOR ULTRASOUND
      IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  135
           NOISE BARRIERS  135
   TABLE 56 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OUTDOOR
      NOISE BARRIERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  136
           SEISMIC PROTECTION   136
   TABLE 57 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN SEISMIC
      PROTECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)  136

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: COMPANY PROFILES 
    ALIGHT TECHNOLOGIES APS   137
    ALPS ELECTRIC CO , LTD   137
    COLOSSAL STORAGE CORP   137
    FIANIUM, LTD   138
    ICX TECHNOLOGIES   138
    INFRAMAT CORP    138
    JEM ENGINEERING, LLC 139
    LUMINUS DEVICES, INC    139
    LUXTERA, INC  139
    NEOMAX COMPANY, LTD   140
    OMNIGUIDE, INC   140
    NANOSTEEL COMPANY, INC   140
    NEWPORT CORPORATION   141
    NKT PHOTONICS A/S   141
    OMNIGUIDE, INC   141
    OPALUX INC    142
    PHOTEON TECHNOLOGIES GMBH  142
    PHOTONIC LATTICE, INC   143
    RAYSPAN, INC   143
    ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS, INC   144
    SANDVIK MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY AB   144
    TERAVIEW, LTD 144
    VACUUMSCHMELZE GMBH   145

APPENDIX: PATENT ANALYSIS 
  FIGURE 26 RECENT U S  METAMATERIALS-RELATED PATENTS
     ISSUED TO 11/15/1011 (%)  146
  TABLE 58 MAJOR U S  METAMATERIALS PATENTS, TO
     NOVEMBER 15, 2011 147

REFERENCES  148-150