This report addresses technologies, applications and markets for digital Land Mobile Radio (LMR).

Two categories of technologies were considered:

1. P25 and TETRA. These technologies are standardized by major organizations, such as TIA, FCC and ETSI; and many public safety organizations are equipped with P25 and TETRA radios. The P25 technology won recognition in the U.S. and Canada; TETRA was developed in Europe, and has many installations around the globe.
   
   
2. NXDN and MOTOTRBO. These technologies were born when P25 and TETRA technologies were in the relatively mature stage. They are a direct response on users and standard organizations requirements (such as more efficient use of the frequency spectrum and cost-efficiency). These technologies were introduces by vendors (NXDN – Icom and Kenwood, and MOTOTRBO by Motorola.) Though, so far, applications of these radios are not concentrated on public safety, there is nothing that can exclude them in a future (with further acceptance by the FCC and other organizations). The NXDN technology cannot guarantee some sophisticated characteristics of P25/ TETRA technologies; at the same time, NXDN set of parameters is more than sufficient for the majority of traditional LMR applications.

The report addresses a phased approach to the development of P25 and TETRA radios; this approach allows gradual migration from existing LMR networks, based mostly on FM analog technology, to the modern all-digital technology. Currently, only Phase I-compliant radios are being deployed; P25 Phase II systems are planned for shipping only in a couple of years, and TETRA Phase II is in more developed stage; with Phase III/Project 25/34-MESA technology mostly in the development stage.

NXDN radio development is a result of joint efforts of two companies, Icom and Kenwood and it is based on the FDMA technology.  The companies developed two lines of products, IDAS (Icom) and NEXEDGE (Kenwood); these radios were implemented with many advanced technological features, including 6.25 kHz channels. At the same time, Motorola introduced its MOTOTRBO line of digital LMRs, which also utilized newer technologies and is based on the TDMA access.

Note that all three companies are also very active in the P25 market, and are established vendors of P25 equipment, with Motorola in the leading position. At the present time, NXDN and MOTOTRBO products are aiming for the commercial segments of the LMR market, while P25 technology is mainly utilized in the PSC market; TETRA radios are already having a wide commercial exposure.

Though the cost efficiency of the P25 and TETRA trunked systems is not so great in comparison with older analog systems, it is expected that the cost will go down with proliferation of the systems.  NXDN and MOTOTRBO systems are more cost-effective than P25/TETRA radios.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 

1.1 Current Situation 
1.2 Requirements to Public Safety Radio 
1.3 Scope and Goals
1.4 Research Methodology 
1.5 Target Audience 

2.0 Project P25 

2.1 Standardization Process and Technologies 
2.1.1 General: P25 Standard 
2.1.2 Process 
2.1.3 Beginning 
2.1.4 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope
2.1.4.1 Efforts 
2.1.4.2 Phased Approach 
2.1.4.2.1 Phases 
2.1.4.2.2 Phase I 
2.1.3.2.3 Phase II
2.1.3.2.4 Phase III

3.0 P25 Development-Phase I

3.1 General Mission and Objectives
3.1.2 Compliance
3.1.3 Benefits and Issues
3.2 Technical Highlights
3.2.1 Common Air Interface
3.2.2 Fixed Station Interface
3.2.3 Console Sub-system Interface (CSSI) 
3.2.4 RF Sub-system 
3.2.5 Inter-system Interface (ISSI)
3.2.5.1 ISSI Technology
3.2.6 Telephone Interconnect Interface
3.2.7 Network Management Interface
3.2.8 Host and Network Data Interfaces
3.2.9 Summary: Interfaces
3.3 Security
3.4 Coding
3.5 Frequency Bands
3.6 P25 Voice Messaging
3.7 System 
3.8 Spectrum: Problems
3.8.1 700 MHz Band 
3.9 Major Improvements
3.10 Services 
3.11 Network Scenario
3.12 Summary 

4.0 P25 Phase II 

4.1 Transition 
4.2 Scope
4.3 Time
4.4 Motorola and “Harmonized” Solutions

5.0 P25 Radio Market Analysis

5.1 General 
5.2 Geography 
5.3 Market Drivers 
5.4 Market Forecast
5.4.1 Developments 
5.4.2 Model Assumptions
5.4.3 Addressable Market Estimate
5.5 Characteristics
5.5.1 Technical
5.5.2 Economics

6.0 P25 Radio Vendors

Catalyst
Daniels
Datron
Digital Voice System
EADS Secure Networks (now PlantCML)
EF Johnson
Etherstack 
Harris 
ICOM America
IPMobileNet
Kenwood 
M/A-Com (This M/A-Com Business Unit was Acquired by Harris in 2009) 
Midland
Motorola
Nexus Wireless 
Northern Airborne 
PowerTrunk 
Pyramid Communications
Relm
Raytheon JPS
Technisonic Industries
Thales 
Tait Electronics
Teltronic 
Westel 
Wireless Pacific

7.0 TETRA 

7.1 General
7.2 TETRA: Scope-Release
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Bands
7.2.3 TETRA and GSM
7.2.4 Main Features
7.2.4.1 General
7.2.4.2 Technical Details
7.2.4.3 Services 
7.2.5 Benefits 
7.2.6 Networking
7.2.7 Details 
7.2.7.1 General 
7.2.7.2 Interfaces 
7.2.7.3 Infrastructure 
7.2.7.4 Spectrum Allocation
7.2.7.5 Mobiles 
7.3 P25 and TETRA 
7.3.1 General 
7.3.2 Details 
7.3.3 Modifications 
7.4 Security 
7.5 Summary 
7.6 TETRA Release II 
7.6.1 Drivers
7.6.1.1 Rational
7.6.2 Applications
7.6.3 Trunked Mode Operation (TMO) Range Extension
7.6.4 Adaptive Multiple Rate (AMR) Voice Codec
7.6.5 Mixed Excitation Liner Predictive, enhanced (MELPe) Voice Codec
7.6.6 Data Services Development
7.6.6.1 TAPS
7.6.6.2 TEDS
7.6.7 Status on TETRA Release II
7.6.8 Standardization Status
7.7 Market Analysis 
7.7.1 General 
7.7.2 Certification
7.7.3 Geography
7.7.4 Market Drivers-Industries-Applications
7.7.5 Market Forecast
7.7.5.1 Model Assumptions
7.7.5.2 Market Estimate
7.7.6 Vendors 

Aerial Facilities Limited (AFL)-Axell 
Artevea 
ClearTone 
DAMM Cellular 
EADS D&S 
EtherStack 
Frequentis 
Groupco 
HYT 
Motorola
Niros
Pegasus Network
Portalify
Radio IP Software
Rohde-Schwarz
Rohill
Sepura
Selex
SRT PMR
Teltronic
Team Simoco
Thales

8.0 Project 25/34 - MESA

8.1 General
8.2 Organization
8.3 Background
8.4 Project MESA Formulators
8.5 Networking
8.6 MESA Statement of Requirements (SoR)
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Vision: Ad-hoc and Cell
8.6.2.1 Features
8.6.2.2 Technological Needs
8.6.2.3 General Technology-Requirements 
8.6.2.4 Specific and Functional Requirements
8.7 Goals 
8.8 Applications
8.9 Crossroads
8.9.1 Vendors Position
8.10 Technology Details: System of Systems
8.10.1 Framework
8.10.1.1 Overview
8.11Architecture
8.12 Security
8.13 Projects P25/TETRA and MESA
8.14 P25 and TETRA 

9.0 NXDN 

9.1 FCC Requirements
9.2 NXDN Forum
9.2.1 Major Differences
9.2.2 NXDN and dPMR
9.3 NEXEDGE
9.3.1 The Company
9.3.2 NEXEDGE Major Features 
9.3.3 Technology
9.3.3.1 Air Interface
9.3.3.2 Operation Modes
9.3.3.2.1 Digital Conventional Mode
9.3.3.2.2 Digital Trunked Mode7
9.3.4 Digital Trunked Wide Area IP Networks
9.3.5 Benefits
9.3.6 Licensing
9.3.7 Products
9.4 IDAS
9.4.1 Background
9.4.2 Technology
9.4.2.1 General
9.4.2.2 Major Features
9.4.2.3 Major Benefits
9.4.2.4 Products
9.4.3 Future Enhancements
9.5 Industry
Aeroflex
Digital Voice Systems, Inc.
Zetron
9.6 NXDN Market and Applications
9.6.1 Applications
9.6.1.1 General
9.6.1.2 RR Applications (IDAS)
9.6.1.3 Horizon
9.6.2 Market
9.7 MotoTRBO
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 Features
9.7.2.1 Abilities
9.7.2.2 Recent Additions 
9.7.3 Basis-TDMA Potentials 
9.7.3.1 Recent Enhancements 
9.7.4 Sales 
9.7.5 Products
9.7.6 MOTOTRBO Services
9.7.7 Availability 
9.7.8 Applications

10.0 Conclusions 

Glossary

References 

ReAttachment I:  P25 Service Availability Matrix

Attachment II: P25 Standards

Attachment III: Countries with P25-Compliant Radio