Large solar farms are more popular initially, but solar is anticipated to be built out on commercial roof tops in increased quantity. The electricity generated will be fed to local substations and distributed to homes from there. The electricity generated will be used for both stationary power and to charge electric vehicles. Photovoltaics PV market growth depends on volume production to achieve economies of scale. Solar energy market driving forces relate to the opportunity to harness a cheap, long lasting, powerful energy source. Solar energy can be used to create electricity in huge quantity. Solar panels are mounted in a weatherproof frame, are mounted in areas with direct exposure to the sun to generate electricity from sunlight.

Solar power systems are comprised of solar modules, related power electronics, and other components. Solar panels are used in residential, commercial and industrial applications. Solar compositions of arrays that comprise electric utility grids appear to be the wave of the future. The demand for solar energy is dependent on a lower prices for solar and higher prices for petroleum. A combination of economies of scale being realized in the manufacturing along with increases in the current prices for petroleum will drive solar energy adoption. The overall solar market has attained enough critical mass to boost competitive technologies of thin film and monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and multicrystalline silicon based systems.

First Solar, the market leader, in commercial systems is participating in the solar markets at a level of $1.9 billion of a total 2009 market of $19.6 billion for 2009. First Solar is well positioned to gain significant market share over the next five years. First Solar basically does monolithic integration on glass, making things on the module level. First Solar PV modules are thin film PV modules. The achievement of reaching 1GW of modules in installations bodes well for the entire industry, bringing credibility to the solar energy effort. To support the growing demand, First Solar continues to push the limits on volume manufacturing. First Solar is integrating each production step. Sharp, the market leader, has achieved remarkable penetration of residential markets. Mass production of tandem‐type thin‐film solar cells means two types of cells are offered—crystalline types suitable for colder temperatures at high latitudes, and thinfilm types better suited to warmer regions. Sharp is a unique manufacturer in that they offer both types.

Key market transitions are being made relative to smart grid, the increasing centrality of the local power substation, and implementation of the smart grid as a distribution center for electricity generated by solar power. Solar energy is being adopted because the petroleum reserves are facing depletion. Solar offers plentiful, cheap energy source with panels that have a 25 year life and payback within 10 years. The payback is within 8 months if the solar electricity generated is used to charge an electric vehicle.

Thin film batteries and new utility level electricity storage are evolving. Thin film batteries are expected to power electric vehicles and sit on the ground outside homes and apartment buildings to store the electricity generated by solar. Thin film batteries provide the bridge to offer electricity when the sun it not shining. Thin film batteries fuel growth in solar markets. These markets are set to evolve even faster than anyone has thought. Sharp, First Solar, Trina Solar, Suntech, and Ascent Solar Technologies are among the companies anticipated to benefit from the build out of solar energy. These are the companies positioned to leverage solar energy market growth. These market participants continue to be very aggressive in both internal innovation commitments, as well as partnership and acquisition strategies.

The Worldwide solar markets are poised to achieve significant growth as solar energy is widely adopted, creating economies of scale and funding new technology efficiencies. Manufacturing efficiencies are expected to create new uses and permit users to leverage existing ones. Costs of solar panels are expected to decrease rapidly in response to the continuing economies of scale. Market strategies of the leaders Sharp First Solar, and Trina are compelling in their innovation and flexibility. Emerging markets depend on 100 successful trials and reference accounts. Solar energy has now surpassed that magic number and is poised for rapid growth. The reference accounts are in place, the prices of the solar modules are decreasing at a faster pace than the industry had predicted, grid parity has been achieved in some places and is on track to be achieved everywhere.

Investment in solar energy is anticipated to continue. Participants will come and go, industry consolidation and high growth patterns will alternate until the nascent industry stabilizes, but solar energy is here to stay. Solar energy is in place. It works, it is no longer a dream or a long shot, it is real. Read the study, look at the pictures of the large number of installations, this is an amazing market, emerging long after early efforts to bring these technologies to reality: Why is it here now? Solar energy is evolving because the price of gasoline in going to continue to climb.

Solar energy markets are big. At $19.6 billion in 2009 solar panels are anticipated to reach$125.5 billion by 2016. Market growth comes because the technology has caught the imagination of everyone, consumers, vendors, governments, politicians, oil producers, and the utility industry. The technology works, its benefits have a positive ROI over the useful life of the panels, even a significant payback. Solar provides the cheap, clean, dependable energy source needed to drive industrial growth, available.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Solar Technology Market Description and Market Dynamics

1.1   Solar Technologies 

1.1.1    Research Initiatives 

1.1.2    Thin Film Material Layers

1.2   Photovoltaic Conversion Of Sun Light

1.2.1    Solar Panel Orientation 

1.3   Thin Film Solar Materials

1.4   Sunlight Intensity in Various Regions 

1.4.1    Sunshine Index 

1.4.2    Economics of PV 

1.5   Variety of Solar Panel Installations 

1.5.1    Off-Grid Systems

1.6   Solar Technology

1.6.1    Cost-Competitive Solar

1.6.2    Crystalline-Silicon Panels

1.6.3    Thin-Film Solar

1.6.4    Silicon or CIGS

1.7   World's Largest PV Installation German Solar

1.8   The Basics of Solar Electricity

1.9   Utility Power Positioning

1.9.1    Utility Solar Decision Making

1.10     U.S. Building Construction Industry

1.11     Silicon Panels Harvest More Energy

1.11.1  Solar Real Estate

1.12     Smart Electric Grid Overhaul: Utility

1.12.1  IBM Smart Grid

1.12.2  U.S. Electric Grid Needs Major Overhaul: Utility

1.12.3  Flexible Solar Cells With Silicon Wires

1.13     Competition and Advanced PV Technologies

1.14     Parts Of The Solar Cell Manufacturing Process

1.14.1  Silicon Crystal Growing or Casting Plants

1.14.2  Solar Cell Plants

1.14.3  Module Assembly Plants

1.14.4  Systems Assembly

1.15     Greenhouse Gases

1.16     Productionizing Technologies

1.17     Era Of Cheap Energy

1.17.1  Unprecedented Level Of Development Worldwide

1.17.2  Population Increases

1.18     Tackling Climate Change

1.19     Power From the Sun

1.19.1  PV Industry 

1.19.2  SGS Solar Services

 
2. Solar Technology Market Shares and Forecasts

2.1   Solar Energy Market Driving Forces

2.2   Solar Energy Market Shares

2.2.1    First Solar Thin Film Monolithic Integration On Glass

2.2.2    Sharp Solar Cells

2.2.3    Sharp Increasing The Size Of The Output To Maintain Leading Market Share

2.2.4    Trina Solar Limited Square Monocrystalline Cell

2.2.5    SolarWorld Residential

2.2.6    Suntech Solar Cells

2.2.7    Canadian Solar

2.2.8    BP Solar Core Markets Monocrystalline And Multicrystalline Cells

2.2.9    LDK  

2.2.10  Yingli

2.2.11  CIGS 

2.2.12  Q-Cells CIGS Module Positioning

2.2.13  Ascent Solar Semiconductor Deposition

2.2.14  NanoSolar and MiaSole Thin Film Technology

2.2.15  Ascent Solar Thin Film Photovoltaic Devices CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide)

2.2.16  Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Manufacturing Solar Lighting

2.3   Photovoltaic Solar Energy Market Forecasts

2.3.1    Solar Industry Outlook

2.3.2    100 Successful Trials And Reference Accounts 

2.3.3    Solar Utility Market Driving Forces

2.3.4    Grid Parity 

2.4   Multiple, Large, Working Solar Energy Installations

2.5   Commercial Solar 

2.5.1    Residential Solar

2.5.2    Government, Enterprise, and Capital Market Funding of Solar Energy Initiatives

2.5.3    President Obama’s Energy Plan 

2.5.4    Crystalline Modules vs. Thin Film Solar

2.5.5    Monocrystalline Modules

2.5.6    CdTe Thin Film Technology

2.5.7    CIGS Thin Film Technology Photovoltaic Effect

2.5.8    CIGS On Glass

2.5.9    Thin Film Vs. Monocrystalline or Polycrystalline

2.5.10  Solar Market Transitions 

2.5.11  Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency

2.5.12  Solar Energy Megawatts Shipped

2.5.13  Solar Energy Cost per Watt

2.5.14  Solar Manufacturing Capacity

2.5.15  Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Manufacturing Capacity

2.5.16  Solarfun 2010 Capacity Expansion

2.5.17  Solar Manufacturing Run Rate 

2.5.18  Solar Module Conversion Efficiency 

2.6   PV Technology, Production and Cost, 2009 Forecast

3. Solar Product Description 

3.1   Commercial Solar

3.2   First Solar Commercial Systems

3.2.1    First Solar Positioning

3.2.2    First Solar Energy High Performance. High Volume 

3.2.3    First Solar Commercial-Scale Solutions 

3.2.4    First Solar Largest Solar Power Plant Built In China by Americans

3.3   Trina Solar

3.4   Energy From Trina Solar Modules

3.4.1    Trina Solar Monocrystalline Modules 

3.4.2    Trina Solar TSM-PC05, 215W to 235W Multicrystalline Module

3.5   Q Cells

3.5.1    Q-Cells CIGS Modules

3.5.2    Q Cells Cdte Solar Modules 

3.6   Sharp 

3.6.1    Sharp Solar Cell With The Highest Efficiency Of Conversion In The World

3.6.2    Sharp Mass Production Of Solar Cells 

3.7   Mia Sole 

3.7.1    Mia Sole Thin Film CIGS Solar

3.7.2    MiaSolé’s CIGS Solar Cell

3.7.3    Miasolé CIGS-Based Thin Film Solar Panel Manufacturing 

3.8   Nanosolar

3.8.1    Nanosolar Commercial Production 

3.9   Palios Flexible Glass

3.10     BYD  

3.10.1  China BYD to invest $3.3 billion in solar battery plant

3.11     Armageddon Energy 

3.12     United Solar Ovonic 

3.13     NuvoSun 

3.13.1  Dow Chemical / NuvoSun 

3.14     Kyocera

3.15     SunWize Technologies 

3.16     Sanyo 

3.16.1  Sanyo Hit Solar Panels 

3.17     REC 

3.18     Canadian Solar 

3.19     GE Solar Panel

3.20     BP Solar

3.20.1  British Petroleum BP Solar Panels

3.21     SolarWorld

3.22     Suntech 

3.22.1  Suntech HiPerformaTM Modules 

3.22.2  Suntech Solar Cells

3.23     Uni-Solar 

3.24     HelioVolt

3.25     Ascent Solar 

3.26     Ascent Solar 

3.27     Solarion Process

3.28     Global Solar

3.29     JA Solar 

3.30     Suniva Solar Cells Set For Aerotropolis Atlanta

3.30.1  Suniva 

3.30.2  Suniva® Intersection Of High Efficiency And Low Cost

3.30.3  Suniva Collaborating in Solar

3.30.4  Suniva Product Offerings

3.30.5  Suniva Intersection of High Efficiency and Low Cost

3.31     Utility-Scale Solar Solutions

3.32     First Solar Utility-Scale Solutions 

3.33     Trina Solar Utility 

3.34     Kyocera Solar Utility 

3.35     Sharp Utility Solar Installation 

3.35.1  Sharp Utility-Scale Products 

3.36     Scatec Solar 

3.36.1  Scatec Solar Utility Project Development Phase

3.37     Residential Solar

3.38     Sharp Residential

3.38.1  Sharp OnEnergy™ Roof-Mounted Solar Electric Systems 

3.38.2  Sharp High-Power Monocrystalline Residential Solar Modules

3.39     First Solar U.S. Residential and Small Commercial Solutions

3.40     SolarCity 

3.41     Scatec Solar Residential

3.42     Solar Energy Initiatives 

3.43     SolarWorld Residential

3.44     Consumer Solar 

3.45     G24 Innovations 

3.45.1  G24 The Solar Power Lamp

3.46     Smart Grid 

3.47     Petra Solar Pole Based Solar Collectors
 

4. Solar Strategy, Technology, And Industry Specific Applications

4.1   Solar Panel Technologies

4.1.1    Thin Film Solar Cells Amorphous Silicon

4.1.2    Thin Film Solar Cells Cadmium Telluride

4.1.3    Thin Film Solar Cells CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide)

4.1.4    Miasolé Copper-Indium-Gallium-Diselenide Films Conversion Efficiency Confirmation From NREL 

4.1.5    Thin-Film On Glass Substrate

4.1.6    Ascent Solar Putting CIGS On A Polymeric Or Plastic Substrate 

4.1.7    First Solar Monolithic Integration On Glass 

4.1.8    Substrate Discussion 

4.1.9    First Solar Modules Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Semiconductor Material

4.2   Trina Solar Silicon Panels 

4.3   Q Cells Technology 

4.4   SunTech

4.5   CIGS Photovoltaic Effect

4.5.1    Crystalline Silicon Indirect Band-Gap Semiconductor

4.5.2    Solar Thin Film Substrates

4.5.3    Gettering in Large-Grained Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Films on Glass Substrate 

4.5.4    EPV Solar Contracts Deliver 300 Megawatts Of Thin-Film Panels Through 2012

4.5.5    Nanosolar

4.5.6    HelioVolt

4.5.7    First Solar

4.5.8    Photovoltaic Technologies: Single Crystal, Polycrystalline and Thin Film 

4.5.9    Single Crystal and Polycrystalline 

4.5.10  Thin Film Panels 

4.6   Shading 

4.7   Third-Generation Thin-Film Solar Applications

4.8   Flexible Glass Solar Panels

4.9   Polysilicon Producers 

4.9.1    Emerging Global Solar Polysilicon Producers

4.10     Inverter and Micro Inverter Markets

 
5. Solar Company Profiles

5.1   Selected Solar Companies

5.2   A-Power

5.3   Abengoa Solar

5.4   Anwell Technologies 

5.5   Areva / Ausra

5.5.1    Areva New Strategy

5.6   Ascent Solar Technologies

5.6.1    Ascent Solar Technologies Completed Construction Of A 1.5 MW Production Line

5.7   BP 

5.7.1    BP brands 

5.7.2    BP Solar Revenue 

5.7.3    BP Solar

5.7.4    TATA BP Solar

5.8   BYD  

5.9   China Sunergy 

5.10     Canadian Solar 

5.11     China Guangdong Nuclear Wind Power Company 

5.12     Conergy AG -

5.12.1  Conergy Solar System Integration 

5.12.2  Conergy Sale of Solar Water Pump Division to Innovative Solar Solutions

5.12.3  Conergy and MEMC Agreement

5.13     Corning

5.13.1  Corning A Growth Company

5.13.2  Corning Worldwide LCD TV  

5.13.3  Other Corning Businesses 

5.13.4  Corning 2010 Market Strength

5.13.5  Corning Specialty Materials Segment Gorilla Scratch-Resistant Cover Glass

5.13.6  Corning Fourth-Quarter Revenue 

5.14     Developers Diversified Realty (DDR)

5.15     Daqo New Energy 

5.16     Dow Chemical

5.16.1  Dow Chemical / NuvoSun 

5.17     Dyesol

5.18     Energy Conversion Devices / United Solar Ovonic

5.18.1  Energy Conversion Devices Revenues

5.18.2  Energy Conversion Devices 1.87 Megawatt Uni-Solar Installation on Flanders Expo Hall in Belgium 

5.18.3  Energy Conversion Devices Integrated And Commercial Rooftop Photovoltaics 

5.19     ET Solar

5.19.1  ET Solar Vertically Integrated Solar Energy

5.19.2  ET Solar / USE

5.20     Evergreen Solar 

5.20.1  Evergreen Solar's Quarterly Loss Widens 

5.20.2  Evergreen Solar String Ribbon™ Solar Panels 

5.21     First Solar

5.21.1  First Solar Comprehensive Photovoltaic (PV) System Solutions

5.21.2  PNM Electric Utility, First Solar Contract  for 22 Megawatts of Utility Scale Solar Power for New Mexico

5.21.3  First Solar Competitive Positioning in Thin Film 

5.21.4  First Solar Revenue

5.21.5  First Solar Partners

5.21.6  First Solar Strategy

5.22     G24 

5.22.1  G24I Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Technology Platform 

5.23     GreenWing

5.24     HelioVolt

5.25     Hoku Scientific

5.25.1  Hoku Scientific

5.26     Honda

5.26.1  Honda Solar Power

5.26.2  Honda Soltec 

5.27     JinkoSolar

5.28     Juwi

5.29     Kyocera

5.29.1  Kyocera Solar

5.29.2  Kyocera Supplies. 40 MW at Large-Scale Solar Power Plants in Spain

5.30     LDK Solar 

5.30.1  LDK Solar Revenue 

5.30.2  LDK Solar and Q-Cells Continuation of Supply Contract

5.31     Masdar PV  

5.31.1  Masdar PV Si thin film module 1,4m²

5.32     MEMC 

5.32.1  MEMC Electronic Materials / SunEdison

5.32.2  MEMC / SunEdison and Developers Diversified Realty National Rooftop Solar Program

5.32.3  MEMC / SunEdison’s REIT Solar Program Power Hosting 

5.33     MiaSolé

5.33.1  Miasolé Technology Problems Fixed

5.33.2  Miasolé Financing & Underwriting

5.33.3  MiaSolé Commercial Shipments to Multiple Customers

5.34     Mitsubishi Solar Panels

5.35     Oerlikon Solar

5.35.1  Oerlikon Coating 

5.35.2  Oerlikon Coating Business Units / Market Areas / Applications 

5.36     Petra Solar

5.37     PNM

5.38     Q Cells

5.38.1  Q-Cells Revenue Development

5.39     Ranking Solar 

5.40     Samsung 

5.41     Sanyo

5.42     Scatec Solar

5.42.1  Scatec Solar Engaging In Rural Electrification In Emerging Markets

5.43     Schott

5.43.1  Schott Business

5.44     Sharp

5.44.1  Sharp LCD  

5.44.2  Sharp Solar Cell Plant

5.44.3  Sharp Thin-Film Solar Cell Facilities

5.44.4  Sharp Revenue 

5.45     Shell Oil

5.46     Solar Energy Initiatives 

5.47     Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics

5.48     Singulus Technologies

5.49     SMA Solar Technology AG  

5.50     SMA Solar

5.51     Solyndra 

5.51.1  Solyndra: 1.9 MW Project Installed

5.52     Staples (SPLS)

5.53     Solarfun 

5.53.1  Solarfun Third Quarter 2009 Revenue 

5.53.2  Solarfun Revenue First Quarter 2009 

5.53.3  Solarfun PV Module Contracts Total 12.65 MW in China

5.53.4  Solarfun 2010 Capacity Expansion

5.53.5  Solarfun to Build 100MW Solar Power Plant in Jiayuguan City, Gansu Province 

5.54     Solar Fusion Power 

5.55     SolarWorld

5.55.1  Solar World Revenue

5.55.2  SolarWorld’s Sun Modules

5.55.3  Solar World Revenues

5.56     Sun Fields Europe 

5.57     SolFocus 

5.57.1  SolFocus GreenWing Energy Has Agreement with Utility Scale Deployments of Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Systems 

5.57.2  SolFocus Raises over $77 Million 

5.58     Stirling Solar

5.59     Suniva Inc.

5.60     SunTech 

5.61     SunPower

5.61.1  SunPower Revenue 

5.61.2  SunPower Revenue 

5.61.3  SunPower Acquires SunRay 

5.62     Telio Solar / Telconord - Agencia de Energías Renovables 

5.63     Tianwei

5.64     Trina Solar 

5.64.1  Trina Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Modules 

5.64.2  Trina Solar Net Revenues 

5.64.3   Trina Solar Customers 

5.64.4  Trina Solar Production Process 

5.65     Yingli

5.65.1  Yingli Green Energy Revenue

5.65.2  Yingli Addresses U.S. Solar Market

5.66     Xinjiang Goldwind

5.67     Solar Energy Dealers

5.68     Solar Energy Companies 

5.68.1  Top 10 Solar Panel Manufacturers in USA  

5.68.2  Solar Companies 

6      Solar Regional Analysis

6.1   Photovoltaics Solar Regional Analysis

6.2   U.S. PV Market Becomes Global Demand Leader by 2012

6.3   Solar Regional Markets

6.3.1    US Solar Regional Initiatives

6.3.2    Denver Airport Plans Solar Power For Its Fuel Farm  

6.3.3    Texas Citizens Want More Renewable Energy

6.3.4    Edison Utility Takes Part in Large Solar Power Projects 

6.3.5    German Solar Subsidies 

6.3.6    Germany Cuts Its Solar Feed-In Tariff 

6.3.7    German Solar Cell Producers 

6.3.8    Solar Market in Germany 

6.3.9    Italian Solar Market

6.3.10  French Solar Market

6.3.11  EDFEN & First Solar To Build 100-MW Solar Manufacturing Plant in France 

6.3.12  European Solar Project Developer Epuron 

6.3.13  Japanese Utilities Switching to Solar Power Sources

6.3.14  Australian Electricity Generated 1/5 From Green Sources By 2020 

6.3.15  Largest Solar Power Plant Built In China by Americans 

6.3.16  China Solar Positioning 

6.3.17  Solar Roadside Electric Charging Stations In Brazil

6.3.18  India 

6.3.19  New Zealand National Electricity Generator Buys a US Solar Power Plant

7      Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

7.1   Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

7.1.1    Components Of A CSP System 

7.1.2    Parabolic Trough

7.1.3    Parabolic Dish 

7.1.4    Central Tower

7.1.5    Solar Furnace 

7.1.6    Solar Radiation Types Of Receiver

7.2   Uses Of CSP Technology

7.3   Decentralised Generation

7.4   Solar Air Conditioning 

7.4.1    Solar Air Conditioning Sorbent

7.4.2    Refrigerant Circulation Systems Differentiated Processes

7.5   Go Solar California

7.5.1    Power The World From Desert

7.6   Key Elements In A Solar Cell

7.6.1    Emcore Magnifies Solar Energy 

7.6.2    CPV Utility Positioning 

8.    Large Utility Solar Plants 

8. 1   Solar Strategy, Technology, And Industry Specific Applications 

List of Tables and Figures
 

Photovoltaic Solar Executive Summary

Table ES-1  ES-2

Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Figure ES-2  ES-4

Solar Energy Panel Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure ES-3  ES-6

Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016 

 
Photovoltaic Solar Market Description And Market Dynamics

Figure 1-1  1-4

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems 

Figure 1-2  1-5

Flisom thin-film technology for flexible CIGS solar cells 

Figure 1-3  1-7

Solar Panel Azimuth Angle and Magnetic Declination 

Figure 1-4  1-9

Nanocrystalline Silicon Layers 

Figure 1-5  1-10

Average Solar Irradiance 

Figure 1-6  1-11

Regional Power Output Levels Per kw Of Generation Using

GE Solar Electric Power Systems 

Figure 1-7  1-11

Map of Solar Electricity Potential In Europe 

Figure 1-8  1-13

Sunshine Index, U.S.

Figure 1-9  1-15

US Average Daily Solar Energy Received By A Latitude

Tilt Photovoltaic Cell

Figure 1-10  1-16

Solar Covered Roof

Table 1-11  1-17

Solar Energy Generated as a Function of Installation Type 

Figure 1-12  1-18

Alternative Siteing of Solar Panels 

Figure 1-13  1-19

Arizona Springerville Generating Station Solar System28-

Acre Field Of PV Panels 

Figure 1-14  1-20

PV In Standalone Devices Solar Parking Meter 

Figure 1-15  1-22

Phases of Migration to Sustainable Solar Markets 

Figure 1-16  1-23

Public Policy to Encourage Sustainable Economics 

Table 1-17  1-24

Sustainable Solar Energy Market Aspects 

Figure 1-18  1-29

Australian Government Solar Technology Testing 

Figure 1-19  1-31

Germany's Biggest Solar Installation, in Lieberose.

German Tariff Cuts To Solar 

Figure 1-20  1-34

Solar Energy Module 

Table 1-21  1-40

Building And Construction Market Shifts Around Solar Energy 

Table 1-22  1-47

Parts Of The Solar Cell Manufacturing Process 

Table 1-23  1-60

Description Of Solar Services 

Figure 1-24  1-61

High-Tech Solar Cell Production at Deutsche Cell GmbH;

Freiberg/Saxony 

Figure 1-25  1-62

High-Tech Solar Production At Deutsche Cell GmbH; Freiberg/Saxony 

 
Photovoltaic Solar Market Shares and Market Forecasts 

Table 2-1  2-2

Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Figure 2-2  2-4

Solar Energy Panel Shipments Market Shares, Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-3  2-5

Solar Energy Photovoltaic Panel Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-4  2-12

Suntech Solar Cells 

Table 2-5  2-16

Q-Cells CIGS Module Positioning 

Figure 2-6  2-19

Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Table 2-7  2-19

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Market Forecasts, Units and

Dollars, 2010-2016  (Next Page)

Table 2-8  2-23

Solar Energy Market Competitive Strengths 

Figure 2-9  2-24

Solar Energy Utility Panel Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-10  2-25

Solar Utility Panels Shipments Market Shares, Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-11  2-26

Solar Panel Utility Photovoltaic Market Forecasts,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-12  2-27

Utility Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts,

Worldwide, Units, 2010-2016 

Table 2-13  2-28

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Utility Market Forecasts,

Units and Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-14  2-30

First Solar Module Roadmap to Grid Parity 

Figure 2-15  2-32

Photovoltaic Solar Gigawatts Installed Forecasts,

Worldwide, Megawatts, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-16  2-33

Photovoltaic Solar Megawatts Shipped Forecasts,

Worldwide, Megawatts, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-17  2-34

Dollars per Kilowatt Hour Solar Shipment When

Looked At Over 25 Years Forecasts, Worldwide, Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-18  2-35

Photovoltaic Percent Advantage Solar Panel Amortized

Costs vs. Retail Grid Electricity Prices to Customers,

Return on Investment, 25 Year Life, Market Forecasts,

Percent, Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Table 2-19  2-36

Solar Photovoltaic Dollars per Megawatt per 25 Year

Expected Life of EquipmentShipments, Worldwide, 2009-2016 

Table 2-20  2-37

Solar Photovoltaic Dollars per Megawatt per Year Over

Useful Life of Equipment Shipments, Worldwide, 2009-2016 

Figure 2-21  2-38

Photovoltaic Solar Grid Parity Electricity Costs Market

Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-22  2-39

Price Parity for Sustainable Markets 

Table 2-23  2-42

Commercial Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Table 2-24  2-42

Commercial Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Table 2-24  (Continued) 2-43

Commercial Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Table 2-24  (Continued) 2-44

Commercial Solar Energy Market Driving Forces 

Figure 2-25  2-45

Solar Energy Commercial Panel Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-26  2-46

Solar Commercial Panels Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-27  2-47

Solar Panel Commercial Photovoltaic Market Forecasts,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-28  2-48

Commercial Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts,

Worldwide, Units, 2010-2016 

Table 2-29  2-49

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Commercial Market Forecasts,

Units and Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-30  2-50

Photovoltaic Solar Lighting Market Shares, Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-31  2-51

Solar Lighting 

Market Shares, Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-32  2-52

Solar Panel Lighting Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Worldwide,

Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-33  2-53

Lighting Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Worldwide,

Units, 2010-2016 

Table 2-34  2-54

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Lighting Market Forecasts, Units and

Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-35  2-56

Solar Energy Residential Panel Shipments Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-36  2-57

Solar Residential Panels 

Shipments Market Shares, Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-37  2-59

Residential Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-38  2-60

Residential Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts,

Worldwide, Units, 2010-2016 

Table 2-39  2-61

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Residential Market Forecasts,

Units and Dollars, 2010-2016 

Table 2-40  2-62

President Obama’s Energy Plan Calls For:

Table 2-41  2-65

Driving Forces for Solar to Replace Oil As The Primary Fuel

Figure 2-42  2-66

Thin Film vs. Crystalline Solar Panel Segment Shipments,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-43  2-67

Thin Film vs. Crystalline Solar Panel Segment Shipments,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-44  2-68

Photovoltaic Monocrystalline, Poly-Crystalline, and

Multicrystalline vs. Thin Film CIGS and CdTe Solar

Panel Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-45  2-69

Solar Panel Photovoltaic Market Forecasts, Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Table 2-46  2-70

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Total Market Forecasts,

Units and Dollars, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-47  2-71

Photovoltaic Solar Monocrystalline, Poly-Crystalline,

and Multicrystalline Panels, Market Shares, 2009-2015 

Table 2-48  2-72

Photovoltaic Solar Monocrystalline, Poly-Crystalline, and

Multicrystalline Technology Panel Market Shares,

Worldwide, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-49  2-74

Photovoltaic Monocrystalline, Poly-Crystalline, and

Multicrystalline Solar Panel Market Forecasts, Dollars,

Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Figure 2-50  2-76

Solar Thin Film Technology Market Shares, Worldwide,

Dollars, 2009 

Table 2-51  2-77

Solar Thin Film Technology Market Shares, Worldwide,

Dollars, 2009 

Figure 2-52  2-78

Thin Film CIGS and CdTe Solar Panel Market

Forecasts, Worldwide, 2010-2016 

Table 2-53  2-79

Photovoltaic Monocrystalline, Poly-Crystalline, and

Multicrystalline vs. Thin Film CIGS and CdTe Solar Panel

Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, Worldwide, 2010-2016  

Figure 2-54  2-82

MiaSole CIGS Thin Film Solar Panel

Figure 2-55  2-84

First Solar Sustainable Cost Transition Through

Technology and Automated Process 

Table 2-56  2-85

Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency 

Table 2-56  (Continued) 2-86

Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency 

Table 2-56  (Continued) 2-87

Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency 

Table 2-57  2-89

Solar Energy Megawatts Shipped 

Figure 2-58  2-90

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Installed Capacity European

Market Segments, Megawatts, 2009 

Table 2-59  2-90

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Installed Capacity European

Market Segments, Megawatts, 2009 

Table 2-60  2-91

Solar Energy Cost per Watt

Table 2-61  2-291

Solar Manufacturing Capacity 

Table 2-61  (Continued) 2-92

Solar Manufacturing Capacity 

Table 2-62  2-94

Solar Energy Capacity Company Ranking, 2009  

Table 2-63  2-95

Solar Manufacturing Run Rate 

Table 2-64  2-96

Solar Module Conversion Efficiency 

Table 2-64  (Continued) 2-97

Solar Module Conversion Efficiency 

Figure 2-65  2-98

Solarfun Modules Efficiencies 

Figure 2-66  2-99

kWh Comparison at Installation Site Operated by Desert

Knowledge Australia Solar Centre 

Figure 2-67  2-101

Capital Cost per Watt

Figure 2-68  2-102

Solar Panel Sustainable Competitive Cost Advantage

Targets, $ per Watt 

Photovoltaic Solar Product Description

Table 3-1  3-3

Commercial Project Classifications 

Figure 3-2  3-5

First Solar Capacity Expansion Plan 

Figure 3-3  3-6

First Solar Commercial Projects 

Figure 3-3   (Continued) 3-7

First Solar Commercial Projects 

Figure 3-4  3-7

First Solar Commercial Rooftops 

Figure 3-5  3-8

First Solar Modules 

Figure 3-6  3-9

First Solar Modules Manufacturing 

Figure 3-7  3-10

First Solar Installations 

Figure 3-8  3-13

Trina Solar $/kWh 

Figure 3-9  3-15

Trina Solar Australian Daily Solar Output by Month  -  Average.

Table 3-10  3-17

Trina Solar Product Benefits 

Table 3-11  3-18

Trina Solar Product Features 

Table 3-11  (Continued) 3-19

Trina Solar Product Features 

Table 3-12  3-20

Trina Solar Products 

Table 3-12  (Continued) 3-21

Trina Solar Products 

Figure 3-13  3-23

Trina Solar Modules 

Figure 3-14  3-24

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14  (Continued) 3-25

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14  (Continued) 3-26

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14 (Continued) 3-27

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14  (Continued) 3-28

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14  (Continued) 3-29

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-14  (Continued) 3-30

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Table 3-15  3-31

Examples of the Enereco Trina Solar Projects 

Table 3-16  3-32

Examples of Trina Solar Gestamp Asetym and Other Solar Projects 

Figure 3-17  3-36

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-17  (Continued) 3-37

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Figure 3-17  (Continued) 3-38

Trina Solar Commercial Installations 

Table 3-18  3-40

Q-Cells CIGS Module Positioning 

Table 3-19  3-41

Q-Cells High Energy Yields For Cost-Efficiency 

Figure 3-20  3-42

Q Cells CIGS Solar Modules 

Table 3-21  3-43

Q-Cells Solar Panel Solid Quality ‘Made in Germany’

Table 3-22  3-44

Q-Cells Strengths of SL1 Modules:

Table 3-23  3-46

Q-Cells CIGS Solar Panel

Table 3-23  (Continued) 3-47

Q-Cells CIGS Solar Panel

Figure 3-24  3-48

Q-Cells CIGS Solar Panel

Table 3-25  3-49

Q-Cells Solar Panel CIGS Key Features:

Figure 3-26  3-50

Sharp Solar panels 

Figure 3-27  3-53

Sharp Commercial Solar Installation 

Figure 3-28  3-55

Sharp Panel

Figure 3-29  3-58

Miasole Cross Section of CIGS Material

Figure 3-30  3-60

MiaSolé CIGS Solar Cell Aspect

Figure 3-31  3-61

MiaSolé’s CIGS Solar Cell

Table 3-32  3-70

Kyocera Solar Panels 

Figure 3-33  3-74

Kyocera Solar Panels 

Figure 3-34  3-75

Kyocera's d.Blue Module Technology 

Figure 3-35  3-81

Sanyo HIT Solar Cell

Figure 3-36  3-82

Sanyo Solar Panels 

Figure 3-37  3-85

REC Solar Panels 

Figure 3-37  3-87

Canadian Solar Panels 

Figure 3-38  3-89

BP Solar Panels 

Table 3-39  3-92

Suntech Pluto™ Cell Technology Key Features 

Table 3-40  3-93

Suntech HiPerformaTM Modules 

Figure 3-41  3-95

Suntech Solar Panel

Table 3-42  3-105

Suniva Product Offerings:

Figure 3-43  3-105

Suniva ARTisun Product Offerings Benefits:

Table 3-44  3-106

Suniva® ARTisun® 2bus Cells Benefits:

Table 3-45  3-107

Suniva Typical Cell Electrical Properties:

Table 3-46  3-107

Suniva Typical Cell Temperature Coefficients:

Table 3-47  3-108

Suniva ARTisunWafer and Cell Specifications and Geometry 

Figure 3-48  3-109

Suniva ARTisun Cell Current Voltage a Function of Insulation 

Table 3-49  3-112

Suniva® ARTisun® Series 3bus Cell Benefits:

Figure 3-50  3-113

Solarion's Copper-Indium-Gallium-(Di)Selenide Photovoltaic

Cells On A Plastic Substrate 

Figure 3-51  3-114

First Solar Utility Project Profiles 

Figure 3-52  3-115

First Solar Large Installations 

Figure 3-53  3-117

First Solar US Utility Market

Figure 3-54  3-118

Trina Solar Onnuri PV Plant Naju Korea 

Figure 3-55  3-119

Trina Solar Utility Installations 

Figue 3-56  3-121

Kyocera Avanzalia Has Inaugurated Two New Spanish

Solar Power Plants 

Figure 3-57  3-123

Kyocera Planta Solar de Don Quijote 

Figure 3-58  3-124

Sharp Utility Solar Installation 

Table 3-59  3-125

Sharp Solar Products 

Table 3-60  3-127

Sharp Utility-Scale Solar Modules 

Figure 3-61  3-128

Sharp Utility Scale Solar Installation 

Figure 3-62  3-129

Scatec Solar Grid Connected Installation 

Table 3-63  3-130

Scatec Solar Utility Project Development Phase 

Table 3-64  3-131

Scatec Solar Utility Ground-Based Power Plant Components 

Figure 3-65  3-133

Sharp Residential Solar Panels 

Figure 3-66  3-136

First Solar Residential Installation 

Figure 3-67  3-137

First Solar Residential Installation 

Figure 3-68  3-137

First Solar Residential Installation 

Figure 3-69  3-138

First Solar Residential Installations 

Figure 3-70  3-139

Norwegian Prime Minister, Mr. Jens Stoltenberg

Visits the Rural Electrification Project in India 

Figure 3-71  3-142

Solar Energy Initiatives Home Solar System  

Table 3-72  3-143

Solar Energy Residential Initiatives 

Figure 3-73  3-147

Solar World Solar Module 

Figure 3-74  3-147

Solar World Residential Modules 

Figure 3-75  3-148

Solar Energy Solar Park Development

Table 3-76  3-152

G24 Sun Light™:Functions 

Figure 3-77  3-154

G24 Solar Powered Light. 

Photovoltaic Solar Technology

Figure 4-1  4-4

Cross Section of Typical CIGS Solar Cell

Figure 4-2  4-6

Photovoltaic PV Theoretical Limits 

Table 4-3  4-8

Fist Solar Technology Advantages 

Figure 4-4  4-9

First Solar Technology Pathways to Improved Solar

Conversion Efficiency 

Figure 4-5  4-11

PV Module Technology & Manufacturing 

Figure 4-6  4-12

First Solar Top Down Efficiency of CdTe Technology 

Figure 4-7  4-13

Bottom Up Efficiency of CdTe 

Figure 4-8  4-15

CdTe Capabilities vs. First Solar Requirements 

Figure 4-9  4-16

First Solar Comparison of CdTe to Other Technologies 

Figure 4-10  4-17

Tuson Arizona Electric Use of Solar Power 

Figure 4-11  4-18

First Solar Improvements in Module Conversion Efficiencies 

Table 4-12  4-19

First Solar Roadmap 

Figure 4-13  4-20

First Solar Module CdTe Efficiency Gains vs. Crystalline Silicon >3x 

Figure 4-14  4-21

Trina Solar Silicon Technology 

Figure 4-15  4-23

SunTech Pluto Technology

Figure 4-16  4-30

Thin film Panels 

Figure 4-17  4-31

Effect of Shading on Solar Panel Efficiency 

Table 4-18  4-37

Polysilicon Producers 

Figure 4-19  4-38

Polysilicon Feedstock to Module Competitive Cost Structure 

Photovoltaic Solar Company Profiles

Table 5-1  5-17

Canadian Solar Investment Highlights 

Figure 5-2  5-33

Energy Conversion Devices Flanders Expo – Gent Facility 

Table 5-3  5-34

Uni-Solar Manufacturing Facilities:

Figure 5-4  5-35

ET Solar Group 

Figure 5-5  5-40

First Solar Headquarters 

Figure 5-6  5-42

First Solar Key Messages 

Figure 5-7  5-43

First Solar Research 

Figure 5-8  5-43

First Solar Design 

Figure 5-9  5-44

First Solar Factory Runrate 

Figure 5-10  5-45

First Solar Modules Manufacturing 

Figure 5-11  5-46

First Solar European Business Model

Figure 5-12  5-47

First Solar US Business Model

Figure 5-13  5-48

First Solar US Utility Business Model

Figure 5-14  5-51

First Solar Utility Market Progress 

Table 5-15  5-52

First Solar Competitive Positioning in Thin Film  

Figure 5-16  5-54

First Solar 2010 Guidance Overview  

Figure 5-17  5-55

First Solar Contracted Pipeline in Gigawatts 

Figure 5-18  5-56

First Solar Pipeline Growth 

Figure 5-19  5-58

First Solar Partners 

Figure 5-20  5-59

First Solar Sustainable Cost Advantage Through Technology 

Figure 5-21  5-60

First Solar Technology Cost Advantage 

Figure 5-22  5-61

First Solar Technology Value 

Figure 5-23  5-62

First Solar Sustainable Cost Advantage Technology and

Industry Model Migration 

Figure 5-24  5-63

First Solar Sustainable Economic Advantage Through Technology 

Figure 5-25  5-64

G24 Module Research 

Table 5-26  5-65

G24 World Class Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Technology

DSSC Manufacturing Operation:

Table 5-27  5-66

G24I Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Technology Platform Functions 

Figure 5-28  5-78

Kyocera Sales By Segment

Figure 5-29  5-79

Kyocera Sales by Region 

Figure 5-30  5-80

Kyocera Sales Trends 

Table 5-31  5-97

Miasolé Technology Problems Fixed:

Table 5-32  5-104

Oerlikon Coating Core Competencies 

Figure 5-33  5-113

Q-Cells Regional Segments 

Figure 5-34  5-119

Schott Sales By Region 

Figure 5-35  5-124

Sharp Revenue 

Figure 5-36  5-125

Sharp Sales By Product Group 

Figure 5-37  5-130

Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics 

Figure 5-38  5-132

Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Laminating Machine 

Figure 5-39  5-133

Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Factory Line in Shenzhen 

Figure 5-40  5-134

Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Factory in Hubei:

Figure 5-41  5-135

Shenzhen Sunshine Electronics Solar Airport(Taxiway)

Light Passed Test By "National Center Of Supervision &

Inspection On Electric Light Source Quality (Shanghai)"Nov.28,2008 

Figure 5-42  5-149

Solar World Revenue 

Figure 5-43  5-151

SolarWorld Group Headquarters 

Figure 5-44  5-163

Suntech 2009 Revenue Q3 

Figure 5-45  5-165

SunTech Mainland China Activities 

Figure 5-46  5-166

SunTech North American Activities 

Figure 5-47  5-183

First Solar Sales Channels 

Photovoltaic Solar Regional Analysis

Figure 6-1  6-2

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Installed Capacity European

Market Segments, Megawatts, 2009 

Table 6-2  6-2

Photovoltaic Solar Panel Installed Capacity European

Market Segments, Megawatts, 2009 

Table 6-4  6-3

Solar Regional Market Segments, Dollars, 2009 

Figure 6-5  6-4

Solar World Regional Revenue 

Figure 6-6  6-4

Solar World Regional Revenue 

Figure 6-7  6-5

Canadian Solar Geographical Segmentation 

Figure 6-8  6-6

US PV Demand Buildup by State, 2008-2012 

Figure 6-9  6-7

Industry Demand Forecast By Country 

Figure 6-10  6-10

Regional Growth Opportunities 

Figure 6-11  6-13

Public Policies Driving Solar Transition Markets 

Figure 6-12  6-20

German Solar Panel Installation 

Table 6-13  6-24

Germany's Largest Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plants 

Figure 6-14  6-34

Mainland China Solar Positioning 

Figure 6-15  6-37

Solar Emerging Markets 

Figure 6-16  6-39

Solar Industry Outlook 

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Figure 7-1  7-1

Heliostat Sun Tracking Mirror 

Table 7-2  7-2

Components Of A CSP System  

Figure 7-3  7-3

Parabolic Trough Collectors Producing Superheated Steam  

Figure 7-4  7-4

Solar Parabolic Dish With a Stirling Engine 

Figure 7-5  7-6

Central Tower Installation Spain 

Figure 7-6  7-7

Solar Furnace 

Figure 7-7  7-9

Solar Chemical Reactor Under solar Operation 

Figure 7-8  7-12

Main Components Of The System At The University

Clinic Of Freiburg: Adsorption Refrigeration Machine 

Figure 7-9  7-13

Solar Thermal System  

Table 7-10  7-16

Key Elements In A Solar Cell

Table 7-11  7-17

Key Main Categories Of Technology In A Solar Cell

Photovoltaic Large Utility Solar Plants

Table 8-1  8-1

Large Utility Solar Plants

Figure 8-2  8-2

Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants 

Figure 8-3  8-3

Largest Solar Plants 

Figure 8-4  8-3

Germany, Turnow-Preilack 54MW   

Table 8-5  8-4

Solar Plants Under Construction Germany,  Straßkirchen 

Figure 8-6  8-4

Spain, Puertollano 50MW   

Figure 8-7  8-5

Portugal, Moura (Alentejo) 46MW   

Figure 8-8  8-5

Germany, Brandis 40MW   

Figure 8-9  8-6

Spain, Trujillo (Cáceres) 35MW   

Figure 8-10  8-6

Spain, Arnedo (La Rioja) 34MW   

Figure 8-11  8-7

Spain, Merida (Extremadura) 30 MW   

Figure 8-12  8-8

Spain, Casas de Los Pinos (Castila-La Mancha) 28MW   

Figure 8-13  8-8

Spain, Fuente Álamo (Murcia) 26MW   

Figure 8-14  8-9

Italy, Montalto di Castro  (Lazio)  24MW   

Figure 8-15  8-9

Korea, Sinan 24MW   

Figure 8-16  8-10

Spain,  Lucainena de las Torres (Almeria) 23.2 MW   

Figure 8-17  8-10

Spain, Abertura (Caceres) 23.1 MW   

Figure 8-18  8-11

Spain, Almaraz (Caceres) 22.06

Figure 8-19  8-11

Spain, El Coronil (Andalucia) 21.47 

Figure 8-20  8-12

Spain, Calavéron 21.2 MW   

Figure 8-21  8-12

Korea, Seoul 20 MW   

Figure 8-22  8-13

Spain, Calasparra (Murcia) 20 MW   

Figure 8-23  8-13

Spain,  Beneixama (Alicante) 20MW