Nanotechnology is one of the most important technologies in this century and it is evoking a new industrial revolution. Nanotechnology is changing basic research in the fields of information technology, biological science, environmental science, energy sources, material science, and others. The trend of industrial elements toward small features, high density, fast transmission, low energy cost and high production rate, has generated a greater requirement of miniaturization for elemental materials. Nanomaterial containing nanostructures are the best material to fulfill these needs.  Carbon nanotubes are among the most broadly discussed, researched and applied. 
 
Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention and research funding, due to the strength of their cylindrical structure, which is constructed of a hexagonal array of carbon atoms.  Their structure, as well as the unique electrical, magnetic, and optic characteristics have generated a huge potential of industrial and scientific applications. The fields of carbon nanotube applications include: photo-electric elements, electric elements, biomedical science, energy materials, and artificial diamonds. International technology and industry are focused on this technology, without regard to countries, or research fields.  International industrial giants with interest in this technology include IBM, Intel, and NASA in the United States, NEC, Samsung and Showa Denko Companies in Japan, and Max-Planck Institute in Germany. International technology companies are keenly interested in the application of the carbon nanotube to current and future technologies.  There can be as many as 40 billion carbon nanotubes contained in a square millimeter. 
 
Carbon nanotubes are microscopic, tube-shaped structures, which essentially have a composition of a graphite sheet rolled into a tube. Carbon nanotubes have unique, interesting and potentially useful electrical and mechanical properties, and offer potential for various uses in electronic devices. Carbon nanotubes also feature extremely high electrical conductivity, very small diameters (much less than 100 nanometers), large aspect ratios (i.e. length/diameter ratios greater than 1000), and a tip-surface area near the theoretical limit (the smaller the tip-surface area, the more concentrated the electric field, and the greater the field enhancement factor). These features make carbon nanotubes ideal for electron field emitters, white light sources, lithium secondary batteries, hydrogen storage cells, transistors, and cathode ray tubes (CRTs).
 
Carbon nanotubes can be used in applications that include Field Emission Devices, memory devices (high-density memory arrays, memory logic switching arrays), Nano-MEMs, AFM imaging probes, distributed diagnostics sensors, and strain sensors. Other key applications include: thermal control materials, super strength and light weight reinforcement and nanocomposites, EMI shielding materials, catalytic support, gas storage materials, high surface area electrodes, and light weight conductor cable and wires.
 
Other carbon nano products include graphene, a flat two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, which is reminiscent of chicken wire and is used as substitutes for carbon nanotubes. Fullerenes, originally called Buckminster fullerenes for their geodesic dome shape, (which also resemble microscopic soccer balls) find use in chemical planarization. Carbon nanofibers find use as battery and composite additives.   
 
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

The goal of the study was to perform an exhaustive look at the field of nanocarbon materials, with a focus on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and fullerenes, while also investigating carbon nanofiber production and technology. More than 180 companies were found to be manufacturing nanocarbon materials that measured 100 nanometers, or less. Those companies are profiled in the report, which includes contact information.  Companies that have gone out of business, or merged with other companies in the past two years, are also noted.
 
Further, an exhaustive search was made of companies, which are incorporating carbon nanotubes and other nanocarbon materials into products that are now being sold. In addition, the study looked at products, which are under development, and are likely to enter the market in the next five to ten years.  The activities of more than 900 companies and institutions in the past two years are noted. 
 
The study set out to find the extent to which carbon nanotubes are being actively researched for new products, and by how many companies.  The author found that there are about 160 companies worldwide, which are pursuing the manufacture of various forms of nanocarbon.  There are more than 1,000 companies and institutions that are developing, or producing products, which incorporate carbon nanotubes.  While sales may be measured in thousands of tons for the first time in 2010, the activity in developing new products is intense, and new manufacturing techniques that overcome prior problems are being developed by a wide range of companies.
 
The study set out to determine the cost of constructing carbon nanotube and other forms of nanocarbon manufacturing facilities, as well as the cost of the chemicals and processes needed to accomplish that goal.   
 
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
 
Nanotechnologies can advantageously be used to provide elements embedded, or associated with paths (e.g. thermal, power, signal, and data), control devices (e.g. switch and valve), sensors (e.g. temperature, vibration, strain, radiation and light), and "intelligent" devices (e.g. processor and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)).
 
Nanotechnology refers to technology development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular levels, in length scale of approximately 1-100 nanometer range. Nanotechnology offers significant performance improvements over the capabilities of today's technology. For example, Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is a new form of carbon configurationally equivalent to a two dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tube. The nanotubes have diameters, which range from a few nanometers to <100 nanometers).  Their lengths vary from micrometers to millimeters, at current state of technology development.
 
Carbon nanotube has the potential to improve tensile strength of steel by several hundred times, aluminum thermal conductivity  by 600 times, while improving copper electrical conductivity by orders of magnitude.
 
There are a number of advantages in using nanotube materials: data signal, and power paths can be constructed with nano material exhibiting superior electrical conductivity. Also, the nano material exhibits superior thermal conductivity and can be used to construct the thermal paths (e.g. in terms of nano heat pipe). Such material is being currently developed in various private and government institutions worldwide. Nano sensors, such as optical and photovoltaic, are also being developed by private companies and government institutions, as are nano electromechanical systems (NEMS).
 
With this background of CNT enabling many nanotechnology applications, iRAP felt a need to conduct a detailed study, which includes current and emerging technologies, new developments and market opportunities. Since carbon nanofibers, fullerenes, graphene and nanodiamonds are in the same family of materials, we have included them in this study.
 
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY

The study counts more than 700 companies incorporating carbon nanotubes into products for aerospace and aviation, automotive, composites and coatings, energy, environmental, information technology, manufacturing, medical, MEMS and NEMS, military and defense, advanced polymers, sensor, as well as sports and textile applications. Additionally, more than 180 companies are manufacturing nanocarbon materials, including single wall nanotubes, multiwall carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, carbon nanofiber and graphene. 
 
SCOPE AND FORMAT
 
The primary focus of the report is the production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT).  However, attention is paid to producers of nano-carbon fibers that range above and below the threshold for nanotechnologies, having a measurement smaller than 100 nanometers. The report examines production of carbon nanomaterial in Europe, Asia and North America
 
Attention is also paid to producers and consumer of graphene, which is basically an unrolled carbon nanotube, consisting of a single atom layer of carbon molecules. The report provides a brief, but thorough, update on activities in the field of carbon nanomaterials for the past two years and projects their growth through 2015.
 
Both the International Standards Organization (ISO) and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) subdivide nanomaterials into “nano-objects” and “nano-structured materials.” According to ISO TS 27687, nano-objects include nanoplates, nanofibers and nanoparticles, and are nano-scale at least in their exterior measurements. In other words, they measure between one and 100 nanometers in length, width or height. Another ISO working group is currently working on the hierarchy and definitions of nanostructured materials, which include materials with a nanoscale structure within the material or on its surface. Prominent examples are nanocomposites, agglomerates and larger aggregates.
 
These kinds of aggregates and agglomerates are composed of primary particles (<100 nm), which occur at an intermediate stage during the manufacturing process and react with each other under the relevant process conditions to form larger stable aggregates. In these aggregates, the primary particles are firmly connected by a chemical bond. For their part, the aggregates form micrometer-size agglomerates as a result of van der Waals forces.
 
The nanographite structure/metal nanoparticle composites have clear industrial applications. For example, due to its mechanical and/or electrical properties, the nanographite composites can be used in structures ranging from clothes and sports gear, to combat jackets and space elevators, as well as in semiconductors, fluorescent indicator tubes, fuel cells, and gas storage. Furthermore, the composite can also have biomedical/biotechnological applications, such as vectors for gene therapy, cosmetics, drug delivery systems, and biosensors.
 
A nanofiber is an ultra-fine fiber having a diameter of 1-800 nm, and has various physical properties that cannot be gained from a conventional fiber. A nanofiber web, used as a membrane type porous materia,l may be usefully applied to various fields, such as filters, wound dressings, artificial supporters, defensive clothes against biochemical weapons, separation membranes for secondary batteries, and nanocomposites.
 
TO WHOM THE STUDY CATERS
 
The study caters to those who wish to know the depth and breadth of the markets for carbon nanotubes and other nano-carbon materials.   Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently attracted considerable attention due to their unique electronic, mechanical and structural properties. Carbon nanotubes have been shown to be electrically conductive, while concurrently having high tensile strength and elasticity, as well as the ability to absorb gas molecules as nanocapillaries, the potential of further chemical functionalization, and chemical and thermostability. These qualities make carbon nanotubes prime candidates for use in nanomolecular and/or electronic devices.
 
REPORT SUMMARY
 
Nanocarbon products include single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanofiber and nanodiamonds. Production capacity for all products increased from 996 metric tons in 2008 to more than 2190 tons in 2009 and 4065 tons of capacity in 2010, and is expected to exceed 12,300 tons in 2015, a compound annual growth rate of 24.8% a year. Total production value is expected to reach about $435 million in 2010 and reach a value of $1.3 billion in 2015.
 
Major findings of this report are:

• Production capacity far exceeds actual production. Only about 340 tons of carbon nano products were produced in 2008, about 500 tons in 2009 and about 710 tons are expected to have been produced in 2010, which represents about 17% of capacity. However, actual production is expected to reach more than 9300 tons in 2015, representing a growth rate of 67.3% annually and about 80% of production capacity. 
• Prices for all products are expected to fall by an average of about 12% a year for the next five years. 
• Growth is chiefly driven by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. World production capacity for multi-wall carbon nanotubes exceeded 390 tons in 2008, reached 1,500 tons in 2009, and is expected to exceed 3,400 tons per year (tpy) by the end of 2010. Producytion capacity for MWNT is projected to reach 9,400 tons by 2015. 
• SWNTs are the most expensive nano carbon product. They are much more difficult to produce than MWCNTs and are best suited for electronic applications. In 10 to 15 years, SWNT are expected to replace silicon as the key material in computer chips.  
• Despite the quickly growing capacity for carbon nanotubes, demand has not yet caught up with capacity.  However, manufacturers have been increasing capacity in order to be ready to capitalize on that future demand, which is expected to grow rapidly over the next five to ten years.  
• For both SWNTs and MWNTs, Asia’s production capacity is two to three times higher than that estimated for North America and Europe combined; Japan is the prominent leader in the production of MWNTs, but China and Korea are rapidly catching up.  Use of CNTs in lithium-ion battery electrodes is the current driving force of ton-scale MWNT production in Japan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION.I

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES . II

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY  II

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDYIII

SCOPE AND FORMAT IV

METHODOLOGYV

INFORMATION SOURCES V

WHOM THE STUDY CATERS TO. VI

AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS . VI

AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS (CONTINUED) VII

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. VIII

SUMMARY TABLE A NANOCARBON GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY (TONS). VIII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED). IX

SUMMARY FIGURE A NANOCARBON GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY 2010-2015

(TONS)X

SUMMARY TABLE B GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANO MATERIALS BY

TYPE, THROUGH 2015 (TONS) XI

SUMMARY FIGURE B GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANO MATERIALS BY

TYPE, 2010-2015 (TONS) XII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED) XIII

SUMMARY TABLE C PRICE SUMMARY FOR NANO CARBON MATERIALS PER

TON (PRICES ARE IN THOUSANDS (K) AND MILLIONS (M) PER METRIC TON) XIV

SUMMARY TABLE D NANOCARBON PRODUCTION VALUE ACCORDING TO

TYPES. 2010-2015 ($ MILLIONS) XV

SUMMARY FIGURE C NANOCARBON PRODUCTION VALUE ACCORDING TO

TYPES. 2010-2015 ($ MILLIONS) .XVI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED). XVII

3. CNT TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY OVERVIEW CHAPTER

CNT TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY OVERVIEW. 1

FIGURE 1 COMPARISON OF DIAMETERS OF VARIOUS FIBROUS CARBON BASED

MATERIALS. 1

FIGURE 2 NANOCARBON FAMILY 2

HISTORY . 3

TYPES OF NANOTUBES 4

FIGURE 3 TYPES OF NANOTUBES: MWNT, DWNT, SWMT, ARMCHAIR, ZIGZAG

CHIRAL. 4

TABLE 1 TYPES OF CARBON NANOTUBES SUPPLIED 5

SINGLE WALL NANO TUBE (SWNT) . 6

FIGURE 4 TYPES OF SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES: METALLIC,

SEMICONDUCTOR AND SEMI-METAL. 7

FIGURE 5 SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE TYPES. 8

ARMCHAIR/METALLIC SWNT. 8

CHIRAL/SEMICONDUCTING SWNT. 9

ZIGZAG/SEMI-METAL SWNT . 9

FET GRADE SWNT . 9

MULTIPLE WALL NANOTUBE (MWNT) 10

DWNT/DOUBLE WALL NANOTUBE . 10

INDUSTRIAL GRADE MWNT . 11

RESEARCH GRADE MWNT  11

ALIGNED MWNT 11

FUNCTIONALIZED SWNT & MWNT 12

BUCKY PAPER. 13

CARBON NANOFIBERS 14

FIGURE 6 CARBON NANOFIBERS  14

GRAPHENE. 15

GRAPHENE (CONTINUED). 16

GRAPHENE (CONTINUED). 17

GRAPHENE (CONTINUED). 18

THERMALLY EXFOLIATED GRAPHITE OXIDE . 19

AA STACKED GRAPHENE 20

GRAPHENE NANOMESH 20

GRAPHENE NANOMESH (CONTINUED) 21

NANOPATTERNED GRAPHENE 22

FULLERENES  22

FULLERENES (CONTINUED)  23

NANODIAMONDS 24

NANODIAMOND SYNTHESIZED AT DREXEL UNIVERSITY . 24

NANODIAMOND SYNTHESIZED AT DREXEL

UNIVERSITY (CONTINUED). 25

FIGURE 7 NANODIAMONDS. 26

FIGURE 8 "MARIMO (CLADOPHORA SAUTERI)” CARBON  27

CNT QUALITIES AND PROPERTIES. 28

TABLE 2 CARBON NANOTUBE QUALITIES  29

TABLE 3 CARBON NANOTUBE TECHNOLOGY FACTORS . 30

TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON

NANOTUBES . 31

TABLE 5 SWNT AND MWNT PROPERTIES COMPARISON. 32

TABLE 6 TENSILE STRENGTH COMPARISON (MEGAPASCAL-MPA) . 33

FIGURE 9 TENSILE STRENGTH COMPARISON ULTIMATE STRENGTH (MPA). 33

FIGURE 10 RELATIVE SPECIFIC STRENGTH (KN·M/KG) 34

TABLE 7 RELATIVE SPECIFIC STRENGTH KILONEWTON PER SQUARE METER

(KN M2/KG) . 35

PRICING AND VALUE TRENDS FOR CARBON NANOTUBES . 35

MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES PRICES AND VALUES . 35

TABLE 8 PRICES FOR MULTI-WALL NANOTUBES BASED ON DIAMETER AND

QUANTITY . 36

TABLE 9 MWNT GROWTH 2010-2015. 37

FIGURE 11 PRICING TREND FOR MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES ($1,000

PER TON) 38

TABLE 10 MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES: PRICE, CAPACITY, PRODUCTION,

VALUE, 2010-2015  38

TABLE 11 MULTI WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE -MWNTS PRICES . 39

TABLE 12 GRAPHITIZED MULTI WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES PRICING 39

SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES PRICES AND VALUES  40

TABLE 13 SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES: CAPACITY, PRICE,

PRODUCTION, 2010-2015 . 40

FIGURE 12 PRICING TREND FOR SWNT NANOTUBES (MILLIONS OF DOLLARS

PER TON) 41

TABLE 14 SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES PRODUCTION SCENARIOS, 2010-

2015 42

TABLE 15 SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE PRICES 43

TABLE 16 NOH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES -OH CNTS PRICING . 44

TABLE 17 COOH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES -COOH CNTS

PRICING . 45

TABLE 18 SHORT CARBON NANOTUBES (SHORT CNTS) PRICING 46

TABLE 19 SHORT OH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES PRICES . 46

TABLE 20 SHORT COOH FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBE PRICES  47

TABLE 21 INDUSTRIAL GRADE CARBON NANOTUBES –IGCNTS PRICES . 48

4. CNT MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION CAPACITY

CNT MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION CAPACITY, PRODUCTION AND VALUE 49

TABLE 22 NANOCARBON GLOBAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY (TONS). 49

FIGURE 13 ILLUSTRATION OF NANOCARBON PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY

TYPES, 2010-2015 (TONS). 50

TABLE 23 MARKET SHARES OF CARBON NANOMATERIAL PRODUCTION

CAPACITY 2010 AND 2015  51

FIGURE 14 SHARES OF CARBON NANOMATERIAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY 2010

& 2015 51

TABLE 24 NANOCARBON FULL CAPACITY VALUE ($ MILLIONS). 52

FIGURE 15 NANOCARBON FULL CAPACITY VALUE, 2010-2015. 52

TABLE 25 MARKET SHARE OF NANOCARBON MATERIALS FULL CAPACITY

VALUE, 2010 AND 2015 . 53

FIGURE 16 MARKET SHARE OF NANOCARBON MATERIALS FULL CAPACITY

VALUE 2010 2015  53

TABLE 26 NANOCARBON GLOBAL PRODUCTION, 2010-2015 (TONS) 54

FIGURE 17 NANOCARBON GLOBAL PRODUCTION, 2010-2015. 55

TABLE 27 NANOCARBON PRODUCTION VALUE 2010-2015 (MILLIONS $). 56

FIGURE 18 NANOCARBON PRODUCTION VALUE, 2010-2015 . 56

TABLE 28 MARKET SHARE VALUES AND PERCENTAGES IN 2010 AND 2015  57

FIGURE 19 2010 AND 2015 MARKET SHARE VALUE BY TYPE OF CARBON

NANOMATERIAL . 57

TABLE 29 PRICE SUMMARY FOR CARBON NANOMATERIALS PER TON (PRICES

ARE IN THOUSANDS (K) AND MILLIONS (M) OF DOLLARS PER METRIC TON)  58

MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWNT). 58

TABLE 30 MWNT CAPACITY, PRODUCTION, PRICE AND VALUE 2010-2015 . 59

FIGURE 20 MULTIWALL NANOTUBES PRODUCTION CAPACITY 2004-2015. 59

FIGURE 21 VALUE OF MWNT, 2010-2015 . 60

TABLE 31 MWNT CARBON NANOTUBES: CAPACITY, PRODUCTION, VALUE

PRICE, VALUE SCENARIOS, 2010-2015. 61

TABLE 32 TOP MWNT PRODUCERS BY CAPACITY . 62

TABLE 33 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN CNT PRODUCTION 1983-2015 . 63

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWNT) 64

TABLE 34 SWNT GROWTH CAPACITY, PRODUCTION VALUE AND PRICE 2010-

2015 65

FIGURE 22 SWNT PRODUCTION 2004-2015. 65

TABLE 35 SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES: CAPACITY, PRODUCTION,

VALUE, PRICE, SCENARIOS, 2010-2015 66

TABLE 36 TOP SWNT PRODUCERS. 67

TABLE 37 TIMELINE FOR SWNT PRODUCTION 68

TABLE 37 (CONTINUED)  69

FULLERENES . 69

TABLE 38 FULLERENES: CAPACITY, PRICE, PRODUCTION, 2010-2015. 70

TABLE 39 FULLERENES: CAPACITY, PRICE, PRODUCTION SCENARIOS, 2010-

2015 70

FULLERENES (CONTINUED) . 71

TABLE 40 FULLERENE MARKET LEADERS . 72

TABLE 41 TIMELINE FOR FULLERENE PRODUCTION . 73

TABLE 41 (CONTINUED)  74

CARBON NANOFIBER. 75

TABLE 42 CARBON NANOFIBER GROWTH TONS AND PRICE PER POUND AND

VALUE $ MILLIONS  75

TABLE 43 CARBON NANOFIBER SCENARIOS, GROWTH TONS AND PRICE PER

POUND AND VALUE $ MILLIONS 76

TABLE 44 TOP TEN CARBON NANOFIBER MANUFACTURERS, CAPACITY 77

TABLE 45 CARBON NANOFIBER PRODUCTION TIMELINE 77

GRAPHENE. 78

TABLE 46 GRAPHENE GROWTH AND PRICE PER POUND AND VALUE  78

TABLE 47 GRAPHENE GROWTH SCENARIOS TONS AND PRICE PER POUND AND

VALUE. 79

TABLE 48 TOP GRAPHENE MANUFACTURERS. 80

TABLE 49 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION TIMELINE  81

WORLD PRODUCTION CAPACITY 81

TABLE 50 NANO CARBON PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY REGION 2009, 2010, 2015  82

FIGURE 23 CARBON NANOTUBE PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY REGION 2009, 2010,

2015 82

FIGURE 24 NANO CARBON PRODUCTION SHIFT 2009, 2010, AND 2015 REGION,

TONS, MARKET SHARE 2009 BY REGION, TONS, MARKET SHARE 2010  83

PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY REGION. 84

ASIA  84

TABLE 51 ASIAN PRODUCTION CAPACITY, 2009-2015 84

TABLE 51 (CONTINUED)  85

EUROPE  85

TABLE 52 EUROPE CARBON NANOTUBE CAPACITY BY COMPANY. 86

NORTH AMERICA 86

TABLE 53 NORTH AMERICA CARBON NANOTUBE CAPACITY BY COMPANY 87

5. CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS

CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS 88

ASIAN NANO CARBON MANUFACTURERS (89)  88

CHINA. 88

TABLE 54 CHINESE CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS  88

ALPHANANO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 88

ARKNANO/FEIBO (SHANGHAI) CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,

LTD. 88

CARBON NANO MATERIALS R&D CENTER/ CHENGDU DESRAN

TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. 89

HENAN UNION ABRASIVES CORP. 89

HEJI  89

QINHUANGDAO TAIJI RING NANO-PRODUCTS CO., LTD 89

SHANGHAI ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC &

TRADING CO., LTD 89

SHENYANG GINA NEW MATERIALS. 89

SHENZHEN DYNANONIC CO., LTD 89

SHENZHEN NANOTECH PORT CO (NTP) 89

TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  89

TSINGHUA-NAFINE NANO-POWDER 90

YUHANG  90

TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  90

INDIA 91

TABLE 55 INDIAN CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS 91

CARBON NANO MATERIALS . 91

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION 91

INNOVATIONS UNIFIED TECHNOLOGIES  91

INTELLIGENT MATERIALS PVT LTD  91

MONAD NANOTECH PVT.  91

NANOFACTOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES. 91

NANOSHEL 91

TECHNANO MATERIALS PVT LTD. 91

CHEMPURE PVT LTD 91

JAPAN. 92

TABLE 56 JAPANESE CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS 93

CARBON NANOTUBE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CNRI) . 93

FLOX CORPORATION 93

FRONTIER CARBON CORPORATION. 93

GSI CREOS. 93

HITACHI ZOSEN CORP.  93

HODOGAYA CHEMICAL . 94

HONJO CHEMICAL 94

TABLE 56 (CONTINUED)  94

IDEAL STAR  94

JFE HOLDINGS. 94

MITSUBISHI CORPORATION. 95

MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CORPORATION  95

MITSUBISHI/ FRONTIER CARBON CORP . 95

MITSUI & CO. 95

MITSUYA BOEKI  95

NANO CARBON TECHNOLOGIES (NCT) . 95

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE

& TECHNOLOGY 95

NEC CORPORATION 95

NEW METALS AND CHEMICALS CORPORATION, LTD. (TOKYO,

JP) . 95

TABLE 56 (CONTINUED)  95

NIKKISO. 96

TABLE 56 (CONTINUED)  96

SANKEI GIKEN KOGYO 96

SHOWA DENKO CARBON (SDK) . 96

SUMITOMO CORP. . 96

TOHO TENAX 96

TOKYO FUTURE STYLE, INC. 97

TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. 97

TORAY INDUSTRIES INC.  97

TOYO TANSO CO. . 97

TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  97

KOREA 97

TABLE 57 KOREAN CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS. 98

APPLIED CARBON NANO TECHNOLOGY CO. . 98

BOHONG CO., LTD.  98

CARBON NANO-MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD  98

CARBON NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC 98

EM-POWER CO. LTD 98

GSNANOTECH CO., LTD.  98

HANWHA CHEMICAL CORP  98

HANWHA NANOTECH CORPORATION/(FORMERLY ILJIN

NANOTECH) 98

TABLE 57 (CONTINUED)  99

KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL 99

NANOBEST CORP. 99

NANOKARBON 99

NANOSOLUTION CO., LTD. 99

NEXEN NANO TECH CO., LTD. . 99

SAMSUNG SDI  99

WORLDTUBE CO. LTD. . 100

TABLE 57 (CONTINUED)  100

OTHERS: AUSTRALIA, IRAN, TAIWAN, VIETNAM, ISRAEL. 100

TABLE 58 CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS: AUSTRALIA, IRAN, TAIWAN,

VIETNAM 101

A.Y.Y.T. - TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION AND DATA UPDATE

LTD.  101

ADVANCE NANOPOWER INC. . 101

AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY  101

CARBONNANO PTE LTD. 101

EDEN ENERGY. 101

HON HAI INDUSTRIAL (FOXCONN). 101

INSTITUTE FOR MATERIAL SCIENCES 101

IRCHEMIE . 101

TECO NANOTECH (TW)  101

YEDA RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LTD. 101

EUROPEAN MANUFACTURERS (31)  102

TABLE 59 EUROPEAN CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS (16) 102

ALFA AESAR (UK)  102

AMO GMBH (AT) . 102

ARKEMA (FR)  102

BAYER MATERIAL SCIENCES (DE) 103

CANATU OY (FL)  103

CARBEN SEMICON LTD (RU)  103

CARBON NT&F 21 (AT) 103

TABLE 59 (CONTINUED)  103

CARBO-TEC GMBH (DE) . 103

C-POLYMERS (AT). 103

ELECTROVAC (AT). 103

FUTURECARBON GMBH (DE) . 104

INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE TOULOUSE ( INPT

(FR) . 104

IOLITEC IONIC LIQUID TECHNOLOGIES GMBH (DE). 104

TABLE 59 (CONTINUED)  104

KAERIA SARL (FR) . 104

MEMAPLAST (DE)  105

TABLE 59 (CONTINUED)  105

NANOCARBLAB (NCL) (RU) . 105

NANOCYL (BE) 105

NANOTHINX (GR). 105

NEOTECHPRODUCT RESEARCH & PRODUCTION COMPANY,

LTD. (RU) . 105

N-TEC (NO)  105

PLASMACHEM GMBH. 105

TABLE 59 (CONTINUED)  106

Q-FLO LTD. 106

ROSSETER HOLDINGS LTD. (CYPRUS). 106

SCHUNK GRAPHITE TECHNOLOGY, LLC (DE) . 106

SGL GROUP (DE)  106

SOLENNE (NE) 106

SURREY NANOSYSTEMS (UK)  106

THOMAS SWAN & CO. (UK) 107

TIMCAL GRAPHITE & CARBON (CH) . 107

TABLE 59 (CONTINUED)  107

NORTH AMERICA (85) . 107

TABLE 60 NORTH AMERICAN CARBON NANOTUBE MANUFACTURERS (85) 108

ADVANCED DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES 108

ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INC  108

AHWAHNEE INC. . 108

AMERICAN DYE SOURCE, INC.  108

AMERICAN ELEMENTS 108

AMI DODUCO, INC. 109

ANGSTRON 109

APEX NANOMATERIALS  109

APPLIED NANOTECH, INC. . 109

APPLIED SCIENCES, INC. 109

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  109

ASBURY CARBONS, INC . 109

ATOMATE CORPORATION. 109

BLUE NANO INC. . 109

BREWER SCIENCE  109

BUCKEYE COMPOSITES  110

BUCKYUSA 110

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  110

CABOT  110

CARBOLEX  110

CARBON SOLUTIONS INC 110

CATALYTIC MATERIALS LLC 110

CATALYX NANOTECH  110

CHEAP TUBES INC. . 111

CNANO . 111

CONTINENTAL CARBON COMPANY . 111

E-CITY NANO TECHNOLOGIES  111

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  111

FULLERENE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION/ MITSUBISHI 111

GENERAL NANO LLC (GN). 111

GRAPHENE SOLUTIONS  112

HELIX MATERIAL SOLUTIONS, INC 112

HONDA RESEARCH INSTITUTE USA, INC.  112

HRL LABORATORIES, LLC. 112

HYPERION. 112

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  112

IDAHO SPACE MATERIALS, INC. . 112

KLEAN INDUSTRIES. 113

JENLAUR LTD. . 113

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  113

LIFTPORT GROUP 113

LITMUS NANOTECHNOLOGY. 113

LUNA NANOWORKS/LUNA INNOVATIONS 113

MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) . 114

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  114

MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH (MTR) LTD. . 114

MICROTECHNANO  114

MKNANO 114

MOLECULAR NANOSYSTEMS. 114

MP BIOMEDICALS . 114

NANO-C 114

NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES. 114

NANOCRAFT . 114

NANOCS. 114

NANODYNAMICS . 114

NANOGRAPHITE MATERIALS  115

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  115

NANOINTEGRIS . 115

NANOLAB  115

NANOLEDGE. 115

NANOMAS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 115

NANONB CORP. 115

NANO-PROPRIETARY, INC. 115

NANOSHEL LLC . 116

NANOSTRUCTURED & AMORPHOUS MATERIALS, INC.  116

NANOSYS, INC 116

NANOTAILOR 116

NANOTECHLABS . 116

NANTERO  116

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL-CNRC 116

PYROGRAF PRODUCTS  116

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  116

RAYMOR INDUSTRIES INC 116

READE 116

RICE UNIVERSITY SMALLEY INSTITUTE FOR NANOSCALE

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 117

SELAH TECHNOLOGIES  117

SES RESEARCH 117

SIGMA-ALDRICH 117

SKYSPRING NANOMATERIALS INC. . 117

SOUTHWEST NANOTUBES (SWENT™). 117

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  117

STANFORD MATERIALS. 117

STANFORD NANOELECTRONICS GROUP 117

SUPERIOR GRAPHITE CO. . 117

TAILORED MATERIALS CORPORATION INC. 118

TDA RESEARCH . 118

THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION 118

UNIDYM/ARROWHEAD RESEARCH. 118

VORBECK MATERIALS CORP 118

XG SCIENCES . 118

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  118

XINTEK, INC.  118

Y-CARBON . 118

ZYVEX PERFORMANCE MATERIALS. 119

TABLE 60 (CONTINUED)  119

6. NANOCARBON PRODUCTION METHODS

NANO CARBON PRODUCTION METHODS. 120

CNT PRODUCTION METHODS 120

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD). 120

CCVD. 121

HWCVD. 121

ARC DISCHARGE. 121

FIGURE 25 ADVANCED ARC DISCHARGE PROCESS DEVELOPED AT MEIJO

UNIVERSITY 122

TABLE 61 COMPONENTS OF CNT PRODUCTION DEVICE. 122

LASER ABLATION. 123

TABLE 62 CNT PRODUCTION PROCESS COMPARISON 123

OVEN LASER-VAPORIZATION  124

FIGURE 26 DIAGRAM OF AN APPARATUS USING LASER PULSES TO VAPORIZE

GRAPHITE TARGET TO PRODUCE SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES 125

BALL MILLING . 125

OTHER MANUFACTURING METHODS. 126

AGGLOMERATE FLUIDIZED-BED AND NANO-REACTOR FOR

CONTINUOUS MASS PRODUCTION 126

AIST CVD APPARATUS FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF ALIGNED

CNTS AT LOWER COST  127

FIGURE 27 APPARATUS FOR CNT GROWTH 128

AIST CVD APPARATUS FOR MASS PRODUCTION OF

ALIGNED CNTS AT LOWER COST (CONTINUED) 129

AIST MICRO PLASMA 130

FIGURE 28 SWNT PRODUCED BY MICRO PLASMA PROCESS . 131

BIOMASS CONVERSION. 131

BIOMASS CONVERSION (CONTINUED). 132

FIGURE 29 MICROWAVE PROCESS FOR CARBON AND CARBON-METAL

NANOSTRUCTURES. 133

CARBON NANOTUBES GROWN ON NANOSTRUCTURED FLAKE

SUBSTRATES 134

COMOCAT® . 134

FIGURE 30 COMOCAT® PROCESS . 135

DIRECT GROWTH OF ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES ON

BULK METALS . 136

GRAPHENE PRODUCTION BREAKTHROUGH. 136

FIGURE 31 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE OF A GRAPHENE DEVICE. 137

GRAPHENE PRODUCTION BREAKTHROUGH

(CONTINUED) 138

GRAPHENE PRODUCTION BREAKTHROUGH

(CONTINUED) 139

FIGURE 32 IMAGES OF HEADWATERS CARBON NANOSPHERES 140

HIGH PRESSURE CARBON MONOXIDE PROCESSING (HIPCO)  140

HONDA RESEARCH INSTITUTE. 140

HONDA RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CONTINUED). 141

HODOGAYA CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR 3D

NANO CARBON FIBROUS STRUCTURE 142

FIGURE 33 SEM NANOCARBON FIBROUS STRUCTURE. 142

IONIC BOMBARDMENT FOR CNT SYNTHESIS . 143

JFE ENGINEERING ROTATING ARC . 144

FIGURE 34 JFE ROTATING ARC 145

MANUFACTURING ADDUCTS MADE WITH CARBON

NANOTUBE. 145

MICROPHASE DESKTOP CVD PRODUCTION OF CNT. 146

FIGURE 35 DESKTOP SYSTEM BY MICROPHASE AND A SCHEMATIC OF ITS

OPERATION. 146

MICROWAVE PLASMA 147

MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF METAL-CARBON

NANOTUBE COMPOSITES 147

FIGURE 36 MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS OF METAL-CARBON NANOTUBE

COMPOSITES . 147

FIGURE 37 NANOMETER MWNTS SYNTHESIZED BY MICROWAVE RADIATION 148

OFFSET OPPOSED JET-STIRRED REACTOR (OOJSR) 149

PAKISTANI PROCESS PRODUCES HYDROGEN FOR FUEL

CELLS AND HIGH PURITY CARBON NANOTUBES 150

FIGURE 38 PROCESS TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND HIGH PURITY CARBON

NANOTUBES  150

PICOCAL/ SCANNING PROBE GROWTH™ AND NANOCVD 151

PLASMA. 152

PLASMA METHOD- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC

RESEARCH 153

PLASMET INDUSTRIAL SCALE HIGH TEMPERATURE

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA . 154

PLASMET INDL SCALE HIGH TEMPERATURE

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA (CONTINUED) . 155

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES 156

PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY- EDEN ENERGY AND INDIAN OIL

CORPORATION 156

FIGURE 39 CNT PRODUCED BY PYROLYSIS 156

PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY- EDEN ENERGY AND INDIAN OIL

CORPORATION (CONTINUED) 157

FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS OF METAL FREE CARBON

NANOTUBES 158

SAMSUNG LOW TEMPERATURE CNT MANUFACTURING 159

UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO 160

CARBON NANOTUBE SUPPORTS 160

CARBONATE-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTS  161

CARBONATE-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTS (CONTINUED) 162

FIGURE 40 CNT GROWN ON CARBONATE-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTS. 163

IMPLANTATION  163

ION-EXCHANGE METHOD 163

PYROLYSIS OF CARBONYL COMPOUND. 164

REVERSE MICELLE METHOD 164

SOLID SOLUTION METHOD . 164

SOL-GEL METHOD 165

CARBON NANOTUBE CATALYSTS 165

TABLE 63 CARBON NANOTUBE CATALYST MATERIALS 166

CARBON NANOTUBE SOLVENTS AND DISPERSION AGENTS. 166

TABLE 64 CARBON NANOTUBE SOLVENTS AND DISPERSION AGENTS . 167

SURFACE MODIFYING AGENTS 167

POLAR SOLVENTS 168

POLAR ORGANIC SOLVENT . 168

SONICATION 168

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT 169

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION AND NUCLEIC ACID DISPERSION. 169

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION AND NUCLEIC ACID

DISPERSION (CONTINUED) 170

ZWITTERIONIC SURFACTANT/HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY 171

TABLE 65 SOLVENTS FOR FULLERENES (MILLIGRAMS/MILLILITER) . 172

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION 172

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION (CONTINUED) 173

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION (CONTINUED) 174

TABLE 66 CNT SEPARATION TECHNIQUES  175

ABSORPTION- FISHING SYSTEM 175

ABSORPTION- FISHING SYSTEM (CONTINUED) 176

BROMINE SEPARATION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. 177

BULK SEPARATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY BANDGAP. 178

CENTRIFUGATION SEPARATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES INTO

CHIRALLY ENRICHED FRACTIONS . 178

DENSITY DIFFERENTIAL ENHANCEMENT METHODS FOR

SEPARATING CARBON NANOTUBES. 179

DNA SEPARATION AND SORTING OF SWNT 179

FIGURE 41 DNA SORTING  180

ELECTROMAGNETIC AND LASER SEPARATION OF SWNT 180

EXFOLIATION 181

FLOW DIELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF SINGLE WALL

CARBON NANOTUBES  182

FLAVIN MOIETIES 182

FLUORINE GAS/SOXHLET EXTRACTION  183

FREEZE-THAW SEPARATION. 183

FIGURE 42 SEPARATION BY FREEZE AND THAW 184

FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERIC SEPARATION 185

INDUSTRIAL SCALE CENTRIFUGAL METHOD 185

LIQUID LIQUID SEPARATION 186

LASER SEPARATION USING RESONANCE ABSORPTION . 186

NANOAFFIX SCIENCE LLC. 187

SEPARATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN DENSITY GRADIENTS 188

STANFORD SEPARATION BY CHIRALITY . 189

VIOLOGEN SEPARATION 189

EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, TECHNIQUES AND SYSTEMS FOR CNT

PRODUCTION AND CNT APPLICATIONS. 189

COMPANIES SUPPLYING EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND SYTEMS. 190

TABLE 67 MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT, TECHNIQUES FOR CARBON

NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOTUBE APPLICATIONS . 190

ADA TECHNOLOGIES . 190

ADVANCED DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES 190

ADVANCED EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 190

AIXTRON AG . 190

ARKEMA FRANCE 190

ATOMATE  190

BEIJING FUNATE INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. AND

HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD.  190

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  191

BIO NANO CONSULTING . 191

BOSTON COLLEGE 191

BROTHER INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 191

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 191

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY . 191

CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY . 191

CENTRE DE RECHERCHE PAUL PASCAL (CRPP). 191

CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE . 191

CEVP LTD. . 192

CHEVRONTEXACO MOLECULAR DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES.  192

COST (EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY). 192

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  192

E I DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY. 192

DREXEL UNIVERSITY. 192

ETAMOTA CORPORATION. 192

FIRST NANO, A DIVISION OF CVD EQUIPMENT CORPORATION. 192

FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION. 193

FRAUNHOFER IWS 193

FUJI XEROX CO., LTD.  193

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  193

FUTABA CORPORATION  193

HEADWATERS TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION, LLC  193

HIELSCHER ULTRASONICS  194

HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY AND TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY . 194

HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. 194

HONDA RESEARCH INSTITUTE USA INC. . 194

IBM 194

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE. 194

INTEMATIX CORP 194

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  194

INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER 194

ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. 194

JAPAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE. 195

JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY 195

LEUVEN NANOCENTER. 195

LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION 195

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  195

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. 195

NARA MACHINERY CO., LTD. . 195

NACALAI USA . 196

NACALAI USA . 196

NANOCARBON RESEARCH INSTITUTE LTD. 196

NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES, INC 196

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  196

NANOGRADE  196

NANOHAND. 196

NANOINTECH. 197

NANORIDGE 197

NANOSEMBLY, LLC. 197

NANOTECHNOLOGY NETWORK PROJECT 197

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE  197

NANOWAL, UNIVERSITÉ CATHERIQUE DE LOUVAIN (UCL) 197

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  197

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY  197

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AEROSPACE ASSOCIATES 198

NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (NEDO) 198

NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 198

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  198

NEXGEN SEMI HOLDING, INC 198

OXFORD INSTRUMENTS 198

Q-FLO LIMITED 198

RAYTHEON COMPANY . 198

RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW

YORK 198

RICE UNIVERSITY. 198

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. . 199

SEMES CO., LTD. 199

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  199

SEOCAL INC 199

SONY DEUTSCHLAND GMBH . 199

STANFORD UNIVERSITY . 199

STANFORD UNIVERSITY . 199

STRATEK PLASTIC LTD 200

SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD. 200

SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY CARBON NANOTUBE

RESEARCH LABORATORY. 200

SURREY NANOSYSTEMS . 200

SUSSEX NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY CENTRE,

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX . 200

TAIWAN TEXTILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE  200

TATUNG COMPANY. 200

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  200

TATEYAMA KAGAKU GROUP 200

TDA RESEARCH, INC. . 200

TOPTEC CO., LTD 201

TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE  201

TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY AND HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY

CO., LTD. 201

TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY AND HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY

CO., LTD. 201

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  201

U. CHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC  201

UNIDYM, INC. . 201

UNIVERSITY OF AKRON  201

UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP. 201

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 202

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY . 202

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE . 202

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. 202

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  202

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 202

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA 202

UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO. 203

UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. 203

US DOE. 203

US SYNTHETIC CORPORATION 203

ZOZ GMBH.203

TABLE 67 (CONTINUED)  203

METROLOGY FOR CARBON NANOTUBES. 203

TRANSPORTATION. 204

7. NANOCARBON APPLICATION AND MARKETS

NANO CARBON APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS. 205

MARKET DRIVERS. 205

CARBON NAOTUBE APPLICATIONS 205

TABLE 68 UPPER LIMITS OF CARBON NANOTUBE DEMAND. 206

TABLE 69 CARBON NANOTUBE APPLICATIONS. 207

TABLE 69 (CONTINUED)  208

TABLE 70 SWNT APPLICATIONS. 208

TABLE 70 (CONTINUED)  209

TABLE 71 HIGH VOLUME CNT APPLICATIONS: PRESENT AND NEAR TERM . 209

TABLE 72 FULLERENE APPLICATIONS 210

APPLICATIONS FOR AEROGELS BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBES 211

AEROSPACE. 212

TABLE 73 COMPARISON OF AIRFRAME MATERIALS 213

ESD AND EMI. 213

DE-ICING  214

SPACE. 215

SPACE MATERIALS . 216

SPACE MATERIALS (CONTINUED) . 217

SPACE MATERIALS (CONTINUED) . 218

AUTOMOTIVE . 219

FIGURE 43 CNT SUBSTITUTIONS FOR AL AND MG. 220

RECREATIONAL VEHICLES AND CARAVANS 221

COATINGS  221

TABLE 74 CARBON NANOTUBE COATINGS APPLICATIONS 222

COATINGS (CONTINUED) . 223

COMPOSITES  224

COMPOSITES (CONTINUED)  225

ALUMINUM/CNT COMPOSITES. 226

COPPER COMPOSITES. 227

CEMENT COMPOSITES 228

CEMENT COMPOSITES (CONTINUED) . 229

CEMENT COMPOSITES (CONTINUED) . 230

CERAMIC COMPOSITES  231

EPOXIES 231

ELASTOMERS 232

FIGURE 44 NANORIDGE HNBR COMPOSITE. 233

TABLE 75 ELASTOMERS INCORPORATING CARBON NANOTUBES. 234

FIBERGLASS  234

POLYMERS .234

TABLE 76 POLYMERS AND CNT BENEFITS . 235

TABLE 76 (CONTINUED)  236

TABLE 77 COMPARISON OF CONDUCTIVE FILLERS. 237

TABLE 78 NORTH AMERICAN PLASTICS PRODUCTION - 1999 AND 2007

(MILLIONS OF POUNDS, DRY WEIGHT BASIS)  238

TABLE 79 RESINS SALES BY MAJOR MARKETS (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)  238

FIGURE 45 MARKETS FOR NANO POLYMERS NANOFILLER ADDITIONS 0.1%-

20%. 239

TABLE 80 COMPOUNDS BLENDED WITH CNT 240

POLYMERS (CONTINUED) . 241

FIGURE 46 NANOCARBON COMPOSITE SUPPLY CHAIN 242

CARBON NANOTUBE MASTERBATCH MANUFACTURING 242

TABLE 81 CARBON NANOTUBE MASTERBATCH PRODUCTS BY COMPANY . 243

TABLE 81 (CONTINUED)  244

ARKEMA 245

TABLE 82 ARKEMA GRAPHISTRENGTH® PRODUCTS. 246

NANOCYL . 246

BUCKYPAPER COMPOSITES 247

WORLD'S HARDEST PLASTIC NANOCOMPOSITE . 247

MAGNESIUM 248

STEEL COMPOSITES 248

METALS. 248

TITANIUM CNT METAL MATRIX. 249

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY . 249

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (CONTINUED) . 250

ENERGY  251

BATTERIES.251

FIGURE 47 CNT-BASED CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY . 251

WORLD'S SMALLEST BATTERY CREATED AT CINT

NANOTECHNOLOGY CENTER 252

WORLD'S SMALLEST BATTERY CREATED AT CINT

NANOTECHNOLOGY CENTER (CONTINUED) . 253

ATOMIC SCALE BATTERY 254

FUEL CELLS. 255

FUEL IGNITION. 256

FUEL IGNITION (CONTINUED)  257

FIGURE 48 ROCKET ENGINE USING CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOMETALLIC

FUEL IGNITION 258

FIGURE 49 INTERNAL COMBUSTION USING LIGHT ACTIVATED

NANOMATERIAL FUEL IGNITION  258

HYDROGEN STORAGE. 259

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED). 260

FIGURE 50 UNIVERSITY OF MONTRÉAL CNT OLED. 260

GRAPHENE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING ELECTROCHEMICAL

CELL (LEC) 261

INSULATION 262

FIGURE 51 SEM MICROGRAPHS OF NANOFOAM MORPHOLOGIES . 263

ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT (EL) DISPLAY. 264

LIGHT BULB. 264

OIL FIELD 265

PYRODIELECTROPHORETIC HEAT ENGINE  265

SOLAR POWER 266

TABLE 83 CNT PROPERTIES BENEFITING SOLAR POWER 267

THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLAR CELL DESIGN  268

FIGURE 52 GEORGIA TECH CARBON NANOTUBE CADMIUM TELLURIDE SOLAR

CELL MICRON-SCALE “TOWERS” 269

THREE DIMENSIONAL SOLAR CELL DESIGN

(CONTINUED) 270

SUPERCAPACITORS 271

SPRINGS  272

THERMOCELLS 273

FIGURE 53 CARBON NANOTUBE THERMOCELL 274

WIND  274

WIND (CONTINUED)  275

WIRING/TRANSMISSION LINES 276

FIGURE 54 NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES NANOTUBE WIRE  277

ELECTRONIC DEVICES  278

ANTENNAS.279

CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION (CMP) 279

CLEAN ROOM  279

CMOS IMAGE SENSORS  280

CONDUCTIVE COATING 280

DIODES. 281

DISPLAYS . 281

FIGURE 55 CARBON NANOTUBE HOLOGRAPHIC DISPLAY. 282

ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE . 282

EMI & ESD 283

NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES. 283

INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER ONION-LIKECARBON.

CARBON NANOTUBE NANOMESH  284

FIGURE 56 FIELD EMISSION DEVICES/DISPLAYS. 285

CARBON NANOTUBE NANOMESH (CONTINUED)  286

CARBON NANOTUBE NANOMESH (CONTINUED)  287

TABLE 84 COMPARISON OF COMPETITIVE TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE

COATING TECHNOLOGY. 288

CARBON NANOTUBE NANOMESH (CONTINUED)  289

FOUP. 290

HEAT SINKS. 290

HEAT SINKS (CONTINUED). 291

INTEL . 292

IBM 292

HON HAI PRECISION  293

CHIEN-MIN SUNG 293

NANOCONDUCTION INC.  294

LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION 294

FUJITSU LABORATORIES 295

SUNLEE HOLDINGS 295

FIGURE 57 SUNLEE HOLDINGS ALIGNED GRAPHITE (AG™) . 295

OTHERS HEAT SINK DEVELOPERS  296

HEAT SINKS-LASER. 296

INTERCONNECTS. 297

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 298

FIGURE 58 PHOTO AND ILLUSTRATION (INSET) OF CARBON NANOTUBE

CIRCUITS. 298

MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM . 298

MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM (CONTINUED) . 299

MEMORY CHIPS  300

TABLE 85 CNT APPLICATION TO MEMORY DEVICES . 301

NANOWIRES  301

FIGURE 59 CARBON NANOTUBE WIRE. 302

NANO-OPTICS303

FIGURE 60 BOSTON COLLEGE CARBON NANOTUBE OPTICAL SWITCH . 304

FIGURE 61 PROCESS STEPS TO FORM CARBON NANOTUBE OPTICAL SWITCH. 305

RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)  306

HRL LABORATORIES, LLC. 306

LBNL RADIO RECEIVER. 307

IBM RADIO-FREQUENCY GRAPHENE TRANSISTOR. 308

OSAKA GAS GIGAHERTZ RANGE CNT RESINS. 309

OSAKA GAS GIGAHERTZ RANGE CNT RESINS

(CONTINUED) 310

FIGURE 62 TEM PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING HOW IRON-CARBON COMPOSITES

ARE PRESENT IN THE CARBONACEOUS RESIN MATERIAL 311

RFID CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED TAGS COULD REPLACE BAR

CODES 312

FIGURE 63 CARBON NANOTUBE RFID TAG TO REPLACE BAR CODES  312

RFID CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED TAGS COULD

REPLACE BAR CODES (CONTINUED) 313

FIGURE 64 RFID TAGS PRINTED THROUGH A NEW ROLL-TO-ROLL  314

TRANSISTORS 315

TRANSISTORS (CONTINUED) . 316

TABLE 86 CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS BY COMPANY 317

VLSI-COMPATIBLE METALLIC NANOTUBE REMOVAL (VMR) 317

HOUSEHOLD/CONSUMER ITEMS. 318

ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS 319

HEATERS  319

NAIL POLISH . 319

SPEAKERS320

SPEAKERS (CONTINUED) 321

FIGURE 65 FRAUNHOFER CNT BASED SPEAKERS 322

TOYS  322

MARINE AND MARITIME.323

OUTERLIMITS OFFSHORE POWERBOATS 323

AROVEX CARBON NANOTUBE BOAT. 324

FIGURE 66 ZYVEX AROVEX CARBON NANOTUBE BOAT 324

TABLE 87 CARBON NANOTUBE BOAT VERSUS TYPICAL FIBERGLASS BOAT 324

US NAVY AND COAST GUARD . 325

FIGURE 67 MILITARY CRAFT USING CNT. 325

MARINE COATINGS 326

SURFBOARDS AND KAYAKS . 327

STEALTH CAPABLE NOISE CANCELING SPEAKERS 327

FIGURE 68 CARBON NANOTUBE ACOUSTIC SOUND PROJECTION AND

DAMPENING 328

FIGURE 69 CARBON NANOTUBE SONAR 329

MEDICAL USE. 330

MEDICAL USE (CONTINUED)  331

TABLE 88 NANOCARBON TUBE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 332

TABLE 89 CARBON NANOTUBE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS BY COMPANY . 333

ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY 333

ARTIFICIAL MUSCLE. 334

ARTIFICIAL LIGAMENTS  335

ATP DETECTION . 335

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) CONTRAST AGENT. 336

COLLAGEN AND SWCNT TO REPAIR SKIN. 336

NERVE REPAIR 337

PROSTHESES.337

NEUROPROSTHETIC DEVICES 338

STENTS .338

MEMS AND NEMS 339

MICRO OPTICAL ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MOEMS) . 340

NANO-ROTARY DEVICES MADE WITH MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES 340

NANO-ROTARY DEVICES MADE WITH MWNT(CONTINUED). 341

METROLOGY 342

NANODIAMONDS FOR IMAGING AT MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY 343

PHASE TRANSITIONS-UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON 343

ULTRA SHARP DIAMOND TIP . 343

ULTRA SHARP DIAMOND TIP (CONTINUED) . 344

MICROFLUIDICS. 345

MILITARY . 345

OPTICS AND PHOTONICS  346

TABLE 90 OPTICS, PHOTONICS AND CARBON NANOTUBE APPLICATIONS. 346

SENSORS AND PROBES 347

SENSORS AND PROBES (CONTINUED) 348

TABLE 91 CARBON NANOTUBE SENSORS IN DEVELOPMENT. 349

SPORTS EQUIPMENT 350

TEXTILES 350

BALLISTIC MATERIALS 351

COMPOSITE CNT/SILICA FIBERS. 352

E-TEXTILES & WEARABLE ELECTRONICS 353

KURARYLIVING CO., LTD. (KURARAY) AND MITSUI & CO., LTD 354

FULL-FACE HEATING CNTEC FABRIC HEATER COATED WITH CARBON

NANOTUBES 355

FIGURE 70 FULL-FACE HEATING CNTEC FABRIC HEATER 356

POLYMER/CNT FIBER COMPOSITES. 356

OTHER APPLICATIONS  357

ADHESIVES 357

ADHESIVES (CONTINUED) 358

AGRICULTURE 359

FIGURE 71 CARBON NANOTUBES AND PLANT GROWTH  359

AIRPORT INSPECTIONS- FAST COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY  360

FIGURE 72 SIEMENS AND XINTEK FAST COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY WITH

CARBON NANOTUBES. 360

ANTI-COUNTERFEITING. 361

CARBON CAPTURE. 362

ELECTRO-OPTIC WINDOWS. 362

ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP  363

EARTHQUAKE PROTECTION. 363

FILTRATION AND NANOPUMPING. 364

FIRE PROTECTION. 365

FLAME RETARDATION 365

FLEXIBLE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE HEATERS. 366

PRINTABLE ELECTRONIC NANOTUBE INKS AND CONCENTRATES

(PENTIAC)  367

FLUORINE GAS STORAGE IN CARBON NANOHORNS IN GAS

CLEANING DEVICES . 368

HEAT CONDUCTORS (HEAT CONDUCTION PROPERTIES). 368

MEMBRANE EXTRACTION . 369

MICRO-BRUSHES 369

MICRO-BRUSHES (CONTINUED) 370

FIGURE 73 CNT MICRO-BRUSHES . 371

SECURITY/ANTI-COUNTERFEITING 371

SPONGES  372

SUPER-COMPRESSIBLE FOAM-LIKE CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS 373

SUPER CONDUCTORS 374

SUPER DARK ABSORBERS: THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC, RADAR &

INFRARED USES. 374

FIGURE 74 SUPER DARK ABSORBERS 375

WASTEWATER TREATMENT 375

WATER DESALINATION 376

WATER TREATMENT TO REMOVE HEAVY METALS  376

MARKET SHARES BY APPLICATION. 377

TABLE 92 CARBON NANOTUBE APPLICATION BY INDUSTRY 378

FIGURE 75 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT WITH CNT BY 400 COMPANIES 378

MARKET SHARES BY APPLICATION (CONTINUED). 379

8. CNT ENABLED PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURERS

CNT ENABLED PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURERS (700+) 380

AEROSPACE AND AVIATION APPLICATION OF NANOCARBONS BY

COMPANY . 381

TABLE 93 AEROSPACE AND AVIATION APPLICATION OF NANOCARBONS BY

COMPANY  381

TABLE 93 (CONTINUED)  382

TABLE 93 (CONTINUED)  383

AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY  383

TABLE 94 AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY  383

TABLE 94 (CONTINUED)  384

TABLE 94 (CONTINUED)  385

CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 385

TABLE 95 CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 385

TABLE 95 (CONTINUED)  386

COATING APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY. 386

TABLE 96 COATING APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY. 386

TABLE 96 (CONTINUED)  387

TABLE 96 (CONTINUED)  388

COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES  388

TABLE 97 COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES 389

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  390

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  391

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  392

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  393

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  394

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  395

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  396

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  397

TABLE 97 (CONTINUED)  398

CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES  398

TABLE 98 CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES 399

ENERGY APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY  399

TABLE 99 ENERGY APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY/INSTITUTION. 399

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  400

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  401

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  402

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  403

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  404

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  405

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  406

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  407

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  408

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  408

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  409

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  410

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  411

TABLE 99 (CONTINUED)  412

ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 413

TABLE 100 ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY/INSTITUTION. 413

TABLE 100 (CONTINUED)  414

TABLE 100 (CONTINUED)  415

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES

BY COMPANY . 415

TABLE 101 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) APPLICATIONS OF CARBON

NANOTUBES BY COMPANY/INSTITUTION 416

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  417

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  418

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  419

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  420

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  421

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  422

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  423

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  424

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  425

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  426

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  427

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  428

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  429

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  430

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  431

TABLE 101 (CONTINUED)  431

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY. 431

TABLE 102 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY/INSTITUTION. 432

TABLE 102 (CONTINUED)  433

TABLE 102 (CONTINUED)  434

TABLE 102 (CONTINUED)  435

TABLE 102 (CONTINUED)  436

TABLE 102 (CONTINUED)  437

MEMS AND NEMS APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY . 437

TABLE 103 MEMS AND NEMS APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY  438

TABLE 103 (CONTINUED)  439

TABLE 103 (CONTINUED)  440

METROLOGY APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 440

TABLE 104 METROLOGY APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 440

TABLE 104 (CONTINUED)  441

TABLE 104 (CONTINUED)  442

MICROFLUIDICS APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY COMPANY . 442

TABLE 105 MICROFLUIDICS APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY/INSTITUTION. 442

TABLE 105 (CONTINUED)  443

TABLE 105 (CONTINUED)  444

MILITARY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY

COMPANY . 445

TABLE 106 MILITARY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES

BY COMPANY . 446

TABLE 106 (CONTINUED)  447

POLYMER AND POLYMER COMPOSITE APPLICATION OF CARBON

NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 447

TABLE 107 POLYMER AND POLYMER COMPOSITE APPLICATION OF CARBON

NANOTUBES BY COMPANY 448

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  449

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  450

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  451

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  452

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  453

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  454

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  455

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  456

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  457

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  458

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  459

TABLE 107 (CONTINUED)  460

SENSOR APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES 461

TABLE 108 SENSOR APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES 461

TABLE 108 (CONTINUED)  462

TABLE 108 (CONTINUED)  463

TABLE 108 (CONTINUED)  464

SPORTS APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES  464

TABLE 109 SPORTS APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES 465

TABLE 109 (CONTINUED)  465

TEXTILE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES. 466

TABLE 110 TEXTILE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES  466

TABLE 110 (CONTINUED)  467

INNO.CNT NETWORK PRODUCT 468

TABLE 111 INNO-CNT RESEARCH PROJECTS. 469

TABLE 112 INNO.CNT NETWORK PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. 470

TABLE 112 (CONTINUED)  471

TABLE 112 (CONTINUED)  472

9. PATENT ANALYSIS

PATENT ANALYSIS. 473

TABLE 113 PATENTS ISSUDE TO COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS. 473

RESEARCH . 473

NORTH AMERICA 473

NANOCABLE PROJECT. 473

ULTRA-HIGH CONDUCTIVITY UMBILICAL. 474

SANDIA LABORATORY . 475

EUROPE  475

AMBIO  476

CARBONCHIP 476

CARBOBAU 476

CARBOAIR, CARBOCAR, CARBOSPACE AND CARBOROAD 476

CARBOPOWER 477

CARBOMEMBRAN 477

CARBOINK. 477

CARBOFUEL AND CARBOPLATE . 477

CARBOPROTEKT, CARBOTUBE, CARBOELAST AND

CARBOMETAL 478

CATHERINE  478

CONTACT PROJECT  479

NANOFIRE. 479

NANOHYBRID. 480

HARCANA  480

INTELTEX 480

NANOGENE. 480

NANOIMPACT. 481

NANOMED. 481

NANOPACK . 481

NANOTOX  482

VIACARBON  482

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT: CNT. 482

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT: CNT (CONTINUED)  483

CARBON NANOTUBE DISPOSAL. 484

UNITED STATES . 484

EPA NANOMATERIALS STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM  484

EPA: SIGNIFICANT NEW USE RULES . 485

EPA DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT (DFE) PROGRAM 485

US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION  486

CARBON NANOTUBES LINKED TO MESOTHELIOMA 487

FIRST TWO NANOTECHNOLOGY DEATHS 488

UNITED NATIONS. 488

10. APPENDIX 1 COMPANY/INSTITUTION, CONTACTS & CNT PRODUCTS

APPENDIX 1. 489

COMPANY/INSTITUTION, ADDRESSES AND CNT PRODUCTS 489

ADVANCE NANOPOWER INC. . 490

ADVANCED DIAMOND TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 490

AHWAHNEE INC. . 490

AICHI SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION. 490

AIST: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NANOTUBE RESEARCH

CENTER. 490

ALD NANOSOLUTIONS INC. 490

ALFA AESAR (UK) . 490

ALPHANANO TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 491

ALPHASIP  491

AMERICAN DYE SOURCE, INC. (CA) 491

AMERICAN ELEMENTS 491

AMERICAN NANOTECH  491

AMI DODUCO, INC. 491

AMO GMBH 491

ANGSTRON MATERIALS LLC 491

APEX NANOMATERIALS  492

APNANO MATERIALS, INC. (FORMERLY APPLIED

NANOMATERIALS, INC.) 492

APPLIED CARBON NANO TECHNOLOGY CO.,  492

APPLIED NANOTECH HOLDINGS, INC. 492

ARKEMA. 492

ARKNANO/ FEIBO (SHANGHAI) CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,

LTD. 492

ARRY INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED . 493

ASBURY CARBONS, INC . 493

ATOMATE CORPORATION. 493

AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY  493

AVANZARE INNOVACION TECNOLOGICA S.L  493

BAYER MATERIAL SCIENCES. 493

BLUE NANO  494

BOHONG CO., LTD.  494

BREWER SCIENCE  494

BUCKEYE COMPOSITES  494

BUCKYUSA 494

BYK-CHEMIE GMBH . 494

CABOT CORPORATION. 494

CANANO TECHNOLOGIES 495

CANATU OY. 495

CARBEN SEMICON LTD . 495

CARBOLEX  495

CARBON NANO MATERIALS R&D CENTER. 495

CHENGDU DESRAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD . 495

CARBON NANOPROBES . 496

CARBON NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC 496

CARBON NANOTUBE CAPACITOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTAIST

CARBON NANOTUBE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CNRI). 496

CARBON NT&F 21  496

CARBON SOLUTIONS INC 496

CARBONNANO PTE LTD. 496

CARBO-TEC. 496

CATALYTIC MATERIALS 497

CATALYX NANOTECH  497

CETEK TECHNOLOGIES INC. . 497

CHEAP TUBES INC 497

CHEMPURE PVT LTD 497

CHENGDU DESRAN TECHNOLOGY CO  497

CHAKYU DYEING CO., LTD.  497

CHENGDU ORGANIC CHEMICALS CO. LTD.,/TIMESNANO 498

CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NO. 16, SOUTH BLOCK 2,  498

CLUSTER INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD. 498

CNANO TECHNOLOGY LIMITED 498

CONTINENTAL CARBON COMPANY . 498

C-POLYMERS  498

CSIRO CNR HENRY ST AND COLAC RD 499

DAIKEN CHEMICAL CO., LTD.  499

DEGUSSA-HÜLS/EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG . 499

E-CITY NANO TECHNOLOGIES  499

EDEN ENERGY LIMITED . 499

EIKOS, INC. . 499

ELECTROVAC . 499

EMPA, MATERIAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 500

EM-POWER CO. LTD 500

FIRSTNANO, INC 500

FLOX CORPORATION 500

FRONTIER CARBON CORPORATION. 500

FUJITSU. 500

FULLERENE INTERNATIONAL CORP. 500

FUTURECARBON GMBH (DE) . 500

GENERAL NANO LLC 501

GRAPHENE LABORATORIES INC. 501

GRAPHENE SOLUTIONS  501

GRUPO ANTOLIN-IRAUSA, S.A.  501

GSI CREOS. 501

GSI CREOS CORPORATION 501

GSNANOTECH CO., LTD. (FORMERLY NURICELL)  501

HANWHA CHEMICAL CORP  501

HANWHA NANOTECH  502

HANWHA NANOTECH CORPORATION/ILJIN NANOTECH. 502

HEJI INC 502

HENAN UNION ABRASIVES CORP. 502

HELIX MATERIAL SOLUTIONS, INC 502

HITACHI. 502

HODOGAYA CHEMICAL . 503

HON HAI PRECISION INDUSTRY. 503

HONDA RESEARCH INSTITUTE USA, INC . 503

HRL LABORATORIES, LLC. 504

HYPERION CATALYSIS. 504

IDAHO SPACE MATERIALS, INC. . 504

IDEAL STAR INC  504

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED  504

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE . 504

PLANNING & PROMOTION DEPARTMENT CHUTUNG,

HSINCHU, , BLDG. 67, 195, SEC. 4, . 504

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MATERIALS

NANOARCHITECTONICS. 505

INNOVATIONS UNIFIED TECHNOLOGIES  505

INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE TOULOUSE  505

INSTITUTE FOR MATERIAL SCIENCES 505

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 505

INTELLIGENT MATERIALS PVT. LTD./ NANOSHEL . 505

INTEMATIX CORPORATION 505

INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER  506

IOLITEC IONIC LIQUIDS TECHNOLOGIES GMBH. 506

IRCHEMIE . 506

JENLAUR LTD  507

JFE HOLDINGS, INC 507

JFE TECHNO-RESEARCH CORPORATION . 507

JINAN HAOHUA INDUSTRY CO., LTD.  507

JOKOH CO., LTD. 507

KLEAN INDUSTRIES. 508

KOREA AEROSPACE UNIVERSITY (MICRO & NANO HEAT

TRANSFER LAB)  508

KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL 508

LAIWU JINRONG CARBON BLACK CO 508

LEUVEN NANOCENTER, UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN 508

LIFTPORT GROUP 508

LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY  508

LITMUS NANOTECHNOLOGY. 509

LUNA INNOVATIONS 509

MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (MER) . 509

MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH (MTR) LTD. . 509

MEFS, CO. LTD . 509

MEIJO NANO CARBON . 509

MEMAPLAST. 509

MICROPHASE . 510

MICROTECHNANO  510

MITSUBISHI CORPORATION. 510

MITSUBISHI CORPORATION. 510

MITSUBISHI/ FRONTIER CARBON CORP . 510

MITSUI & CO. 510

MITSUYA BOEKI  510

MKNANO 511

MOLECULAR NANOSYSTEMS. 511

MONAD NANOTECH PVT.  511

MP BIOMEDICALS . 511

NANO CARBON TECHNOLOGIES (NCT) . 511

NANO CO., LTD. 511

NANOBEST CORP. 511

NANO-C 512

NANOCARBLAB (NCL)  512

NANOCOMP TECHNOLOGIES. 512

NANOCRAFT . 512

NANOCS. 512

NANOCYL S.A.  513

NANODYNAMICS . 513

NANOFACTOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES. 513

NANOINTEGRIS . 513

NANOKARBON 513

NANOLAB  513

NANOLEDGE. 513

NANOLEDGE CHEMICALS. 514

NANOMAS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 514

NANOMIRAE CO., LTD. . 514

NANOMIX. 514

NANONB CORP (SEE BUCKYUSA). 514

NANO-PROPRIETARY, INC. 514

NANOSHEL515

NANOSOLUTION CO., LTD. 515

NANOSTRUCTURED & AMORPHOUS MATERIALS, INC . 515

NANOSYS, INC 515

NANOTAILOR 515

NANOTECH FORUM NAGANO (NAGANO TECHNO

FOUNDATION) . 515

NANOTECH HANWHA/ CHEMICAL HANWHA. 516

NANOTECHLABS . 516

NANOTECHNOLOGY NETWORK PROJECT, JAPAN. 516

NANOWAL . 517

NANTERO  517

NARA MACHINERY CO., LTD. . 517

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE  517

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE

& TECHNOLOGY (AIST), NANOTUBE RESEARCH CENTER 517

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY  517

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL-CNRC 518

NEC CORPORATION 518

NEOTECHPRODUCT RESEARCH & PRODUCTION CO., LTD 518

NETHERLANDS NANONED . 518

NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY. 518

DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION (NEDO)  518

NEW METALS AND CHEMICALS CORPORATION, LTD. 518

NEXEN 518

NIKKISO. 519

N-TEC . 519

P.O.S. (POS) 519

PARAS ENGINEERING COMPANY . 519

PLASMACHEM GMBH. 519

POLYTECH & NET GMBH. 519

PYROGRAF PRODUCTS  520

Q-FLO LTD. 520

QINHUANGDAO TAIJI RING NANO-PRODUCTS CO., LTD 520

RAYMOR INDUSTRIES INC 520

READE 521

RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 521

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY 521

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE &

TECHNOLOGY 521

ROSSETER HOLDINGS LTD. 521

RTP COMPANY . 521

SCHUNK GRAPHITE TECHNOLOGY, LLC  522

SELAH TECHNOLOGIES  522

SES RESEARCH 522

SGL GROUP. 522

SHANGHAI ELECTRIC INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC &

TRADING CO., LTD 522

SHENYANG GINA NEW MATERIALS. 523

SHENZHEN DYNANONIC CO., LTD 523

SHENZHEN NANOTECH PORT CO (NTP) 523

SHIJIAZHUANG LINGYUE CHEMICAL CO., LTD. . 523

SHIJIAZHUANG PENGJIA TRADE COMPANY LTD. 524

SHINSHU UNIVERSITY  524

SHOWA DENKO CARBON INC. (SDK)  524

SIGMA-ALDRICH 524

SKKU GRAPHENE RESEARCH LABORATORY. 524

SKYSPRING NANOMATERIALS INC  524

SOLENNE. 525

SOUTHWEST NANOTUBES (SWENT™). 525

STANFORD MATERIALS. 525

STANFORD NANOELECTRONICS GROUP 525

SUMITOMO CORP. . 525

SUN NANOTECH CO, LTD 525

SUNLEE HOLDINGS PTE LTD. 526

SUNRAYNANO 526

SUPERIOR GRAPHITE CO. . 526

SURREY NANOSYSTEMS (UK)  526

TAILORED MATERIALS CORPORATION. 526

TATEYAMA MACHINE CO., LTD. / TATEYAMA KAGAKU

INDUSTRY CO., LTD 526

TDA RESEARCH . 526

TECHNANO MATERIALS PVT LTD. 527

TECO NANOTECH 527

THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION 527

THOMAS SWAN & CO 527

TIMCAL GRAPHITE & CARBON 527

TIMESNANO//CHENGDU ORGANIC CHEMICALS CO. LTD. 527

CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 527

TOHO TENAX AMERICA®  527

TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. 528

TOKYO FUTURE STYLE, INC. 528

TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE  528

TOMOE ENGINEERING CO., LTD.  528

TORAY INDUSTRIES INC . 528

TOYO TANSO CO. . 528

TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY. 528

UMEÅ UNIVERSITY. 529

UNIDYM/ARROWHEAD RESEARCH. 529

UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO. 529

VERSILANT NANOTECHNOLOGIES 529

VORBECK MATERIALS CORP 529

WUHAN YRT WYRENTECO CO., LTD (YRT) 530

XG SCIENCES . 530

XINTEK, INC.  530

YAMAMOTO TRADING CO., LTD. 530

Y-CARBON . 530

YUHANG  531

YUNNAN GREAT GROUP 531

ZEON CORPORATION 531

ZYVEX PERFORMANCE MATERIALS. 531