RF technologies use electromagnetic radiation or energy in the 15 kHz to 300 GHz range to accomplish a wide range of objectives, including broadcasting, two-way communication, manufacturing applications, and security and access control, to name only a few. This study is an update of a research report, first published in 2003, that describes and analyzes the market for seven “emerging” radio frequency (RF) technologies, including digital TV and radio, advanced cellular communications, wireless networking, the global positioning system (GPS), radio frequency identification (RFID), and RF plasma surface treatment.
 
The RF technologies covered in the 2003 report have continued to grow, to the point where they can no longer be considered “emerging” technologies. However, their extremely favorable growth prospects continue to set them apart from older, more mature RF technologies, such as radiotelephone or analog TV broadcasting, whose markets are growing more slowly or not at all. Researchers therefore believes that an updated market assessment is called for.
 
The economic importance of these seven RF technologies extends far beyond sales of equipment and related professional services. They support and make possible entire sectors of the economy, such as the wireless telecommunications industry. The services these sectors provide to end users are crucial to the efficient functioning of a modern economy.
 
RF technology is important not only from an economic standpoint but from regulatory, health, environmental, and national security perspectives as well. The increasing demand for RF bandwidth forces telecommunications regulators to consider ways of meeting the demand by opening new frequencies to the private sector and using regulatory or market mechanisms to allocate the available bandwidth among competing classes of users.
 
There are widespread concerns about the potential human health impacts of extensive exposure to RF emissions, such as a possible link between cell phone use and the incidence of brain cancer. While definitive evidence of cancer or other health impacts of RF exposure has not yet been found, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has established international guidelines on human exposure limits for RF fields. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and other governmental agencies have also issued RF exposure guidelines of their own.
 
In addition to concerns about the human health impacts of RF emissions, there are the environmental issues. The latter range from the esthetic impacts of nearly ubiquitous cell phone towers to the potential adverse effects of low-level RF on wildlife and birds.
 
Finally, RF technologies are an increasingly important component of national security. Modern military doctrine blends information technology and wireless communications to create capabilities never seen before on the battlefield. The RF spectrum has been compared with fuel, water, and ammunition, without which tactical operations are not possible.
 
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
 
Despite their potential importance, no recent, comprehensive analysis of the fastest-growing RF technologies and applications is available. This report is intended to satisfy the need for an objective, quantitative analysis that addresses these technologies in the context of the overall RF market. More specific objectives are to accomplish the following:

•Identify the principal applications of these seven RF technologies, including applications that are expected to be commercialized in the 2010 through 2015 time frame
•Quantify and analyze historical (2009) sales of each RF application
•Identify and evaluate the impact of economic, business, demographic, technological, legal/regulatory, and other factors that will drive the future market for each of these applications
•Forecast future (through 2015) sales of each application, including applications that have not been fully commercialized
•Highlight the importance of these rapidly growing technologies to the RF industry as a whole
•Analyze the economic, business, regulatory, environmental, health, and other macro issues raised by projected trends in the size and structure of the RF market

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The report has been written for the entire RF interest community, including the following:

•Manufacturers, distributors and vendors of RF equipment
•RF-oriented consultants and systems integrators
•Regulatory, health, environmental and other government agencies concerned with RF
•Researchers
•The financial and analyst communities
 
This report is an analytical business tool with the primary purpose of describing and analyzing the size and dynamics of the global market for selected RF technologies and applications.

Major sections of the report cover the following topics:

•Summary of findings and conclusions
•Overview of the RF industry
•Rapidly growing RF technologies and applications
•Market size and segmentation
•Market drivers and constraints
•Detailed market projections by market segment, through 2015
•Long-term outlook for the RF industry

Highlights of the report:

•The global market for products utilizing digital radio, high-definition TV, advanced cellular, wireless networking, radio frequency identification, global positioning systems, and radio frequency plasma was worth nearly $201 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach $416 billion in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.7% over the next 5 years.

•In 2010, HDTV accounted for more sales than any RF technology in this group. This sector is estimated at $91 billion in 2010 and is expected to increase at an 18.4% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach $212 billion in 2015. 

•Digital radio has the highest projected growth rate over the next 5 years. This market is valued at nearly $5 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach $12 billion in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 20%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
    RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 
    STUDY BACKGROUND  
    STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 
    INTENDED AUDIENCE  
    SCOPE OF REPORT  
    METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
    ANALYST CREDENTIALS  
    DISCLAIMER

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR RAPIDLY GROWING RF
    TECHNOLOGIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS)  6
  SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR RAPIDLY GROWING RF
    TECHNOLOGIES BY TYPE, 2009-2015 ($ BILLIONS) 7

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW OF RF MARKET
     GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF RF  8
          PROPERTIES OF RF . 8
                   Frequency and Wavelength. 8
                   Dispersion and Directivity  9
                   Wave Propagation 9
          RF BANDS 9
  TABLE 1 RF BANDS . 10
                   Very Low Frequency (VLF) Band . 10
                   Low Frequency (LF) Band . 10
                   Medium Frequency (MF) and High Frequency (HF) Bands  10
                   Very High Frequency (VHF) Band . 11
                   Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Band  11
                   Super-High Frequency (SHF) Band 11
                   Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Band  12
          RF TECHNOLOGIES  12
                   Established Technologies  12
  TABLE 2 ESTABLISHED RF TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS,
    1895-1993 . 13
                   Rapidly Growing Technologies  13
                             Digital Radio . 14
                                        Technology  14
                                                   Satellite DR . 14
                                                   Terrestrial DR . 15
                                        Products  16
                                                   Broadcast Equipment (Satellite) . 16
                                                   Broadcast Equipment (Terrestrial) . 16
                                        Receivers and Antennas . 17
                  High-Definition TV . 17
                             Technology  17
                                        Standards  18
FIGURE 1 DIGITAL TV SYSTEMS . 18
                             Products  19
                                        HDTV Program Production and
                                             Transmission Equipment . 20
                                        HDTV Set-Top Boxes 21
                                        HDTV Displays . 21
                                        HDTV Displays (Continued)  22
                  Advanced Cellular Technologies  23
                  Wireless Networking  24
TABLE 3 WIRELESS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES
                             Bluetooth. 25
                             ZigBee 25
                             Z-Wave  26
                             INSTEON . 26
                             Other Wireless Protocols . 27
                             Wi-Fi 28
                             Digital Mobile Telephone Systems . 29
                             Spread Spectrum Technologies . 30
                             Mesh Networking Technologies  31
                  Radio Frequency Identification  31
                             Transponders 31
                                        Identifier Formats  32
                                        Frequencies . 32
TABLE 4 COMMON U.S. TRANSPONDER FREQUENCIES
TABLE 5 PENETRATION CAPABILITIES OF RF TAG FREQUENCIES
TABLE 6 PENETRATION CAPABILITIES OF RF TAG FREQUENCIES
TABLE 6 (CONTINUED)
                                        Power Sources . 35
                                        Functionality . 36
                                        Functionality (Continued)  37
                                        Physical Form . 38
                                        Summary . 38
TABLE 7 SUMMARY OF RF TAG FEATURES 
                             Readers . 40
                             RFID Antennas and Other Hardware 41
                  Global Positioning Systems  41
                             Infrastructure . 41
TABLE 8 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM COMPARISON
TABLE 9 HYBRID/AUGMENTED SATELLITE LOCATION-FINDING
   TECHNOLOGIES  43
TABLE 9 (CONTINUED) 44
                           GPS Receivers  45
TABLE 10 COMMON TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS  45
                     RF Plasma Sources and Applications  45
                           General Principles 46
FIGURE 2 TYPICAL (CAPACITIVE) RF PLASMA SYSTEM  47
                           Types of RF Plasma . 48
                                      Capacitive RF  48
                                      RF Induction . 48
                                      Microwave RF . 49
              Patent Analysis 49
FIGURE 3 U.S. PATENTS ON EMERGING RF TECHNOLOGIES BY
   TECHNOLOGY AREA ISSUED AS OF DEC. 1, 2009 (NUMBER)  50
FIGURE 4 RF PATENTS BY NATIONALITY OF ASSIGNEE (%)  51
   MAJOR RF APPLICATIONS . 51
         RADIO AND TV BROADCASTING  52
              Datacasting  52
              Interactive and On-demand Programming  52
         TELECOMMUNICATIONS  53
              Enterprise Applications. 53
              Consumer Applications . 53
         DATA NETWORKS 54
TABLE 11 RF DATA NETWORKING APPLICATIONS . 54
              Personal Area Networks 54
              Energy/Home Automation . 54
              Medical Telemetry . 55
              Personnel and Asset Tracking  55
              Mobile Services  55
              Local Area Networks . 56
                     Hot Spots . 56
                     Enterprise Networks. 56
                     Home Networks. 57
                     WLAN Phones . 57
                     Industrial Automation and Process Control  57
              Wide Area Networks 58
         SECURITY/IDENTIFICATION  58
TABLE 12 RF SECURITY/IDENTIFICATION APPLICATIONS . 59
              Personnel Access Control/Monitoring . 59
              Vehicle Entry and Control  60
                     Vehicle Entry and Control (Continued) . 61
              Retail Anti-theft. 62
              Asset Tagging  63
              Baggage Identification and Tracking . 63
              Library Books  64
             Museum Collections  65
             Document Tracking . 66
             Hospital Patient/Staff/Equipment Management . 67
             Anti-counterfeiting/Anti-tampering 68
                   Drug Anti-counterfeiting  68
                   Other Counterfeiting Areas  69
             Livestock/Animal Identification  70
             Cargo Container Security  71
             Automatic Vehicle Identification  72
                   Parking and Gated Community Access . 72
                   Fleet Tracking/Vehicle Location. 73
                   Rail Car Identification and Tracking . 73
                   Mining Anti-Collision Systems. 73
                   Weighing Trucks . 74
                   Traffic Management . 74
             Other Identification/Security Applications  75
        E-PAYMENTS  75
             RFID Payment Applications . 75
                   Highway Tolls . 75
                   Contactless Payment Cards . 76
                   Transit Fare Cards . 76
                   Other Formats. 77
                   Security Improvements  78
             Cellular Payment Applications . 79
        MATERIALS HANDLING/TRANSPORT/LOGISTICS  80
TABLE 13 RF MATERIALS HANDLING/TRANSPORT/LOGISTICS
  APPLICATIONS  80
             Production Tracking  81
                   Silicon Fabs . 81
                   Motor Vehicles  81
                   Other Manufacturing Applications  82
             Automated Airline Baggage Systems . 82
             Warehouse Automation . 83
                   Receiving . 83
                   Putaway. 84
                   Security/Documentation . 84
                   Picking . 84
                   Shipping  84
             Shipment Tracking  85
                   Shipment Tracking (Continued). 86
        SURFACE TREATMENT  87
             Plasma Cleaning  87
             Etching . 87
                   Electronics . 88
                        Medical Products. 88
                        Other Industries . 88
                Surface Activation . 88
                Coating . 89
           MILITARY APPLICATIONS . 90
   TABLE 14 MILITARY APPLICATIONS OF EMERGING RF
     TECHNOLOGIES  90
                High-Definition Military Imagery  90
                Military Logistics Tracking and Security . 91
                        U.S. Department of Defense In-Transit Visibility
                              Network 91
                Ordnance Security . 92
                Other Defense Organizations  92
                Smart Munitions Telemetry Equipment  93
                Electronic Identification Tags . 93
                Casualty Tracking Systems  93
                Advanced Sensors  94
                Tactical Communications  94
                Enhanced Global Positioning System . 94
                Tactical Command and Control Systems . 95
           RESEARCH  95
                Fusion Research. 95
                Advanced Rocket Propulsion Systems  95
           OTHER APPLICATIONS  95
                Gaming and Entertainment  96
                Location-Based Services  96
                Smart Appliances  97
      RF END-USER SEGMENTS 98
           AGRICULTURE . 98
           MINING  98
           MANUFACTURING  98
           HEALTHCARE  99
           TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS . 99
           COMMUNICATIONS  100
           RETAIL/PERSONAL SERVICES . 100
           GOVERNMENT/MILITARY 100
           CONSUMERS  101

CHAPTER FOUR: GLOBAL MARKET FOR RAPIDLY GROWING RF TECHNOLOGIES 
     OVERALL MARKET  102
  TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RAPIDLY GROWING RF
    TECHNOLOGIES BY TYPE, THROUGH 2015 ($ BILLIONS)  102
     DETAILED MARKET ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS, 2009­2015 . 103
          TECHNOLOGY MARKETS  103
               Digital Radio  103
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL DIGITAL RADIO MARKET, 2009­2015 ($
   MILLIONS)  103
                         Satellite Broadcasting Infrastructure  104
TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SATELLITE DIGITAL RADIO
   INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  104
                         Terrestrial Broadcasting Infrastructure  104
TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TERRESTRIAL DIGITAL RADIO
   INFRASTRUCTURE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 105
                         Digital Radio Receivers  105
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR DIGITAL RADIO RECEIVERS,
   THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 105
               HDTV . 106
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL HDTV SALES, 2009­2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 106
                         HDTVs . 107
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HDTV DISPLAYS, THROUGH 2015
   ($ MILLIONS)  107
                         Set-Top Boxes  107
TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HDTV SET TOP BOXES,
   THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 107
                         Digital TV Broadcast Equipment . 107
TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HDTV BROADCASTING
   EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  108
               Advanced Cellular Technologies . 108
FIGURE 7 U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED MOBILE
   INFRASTRUCTURE AND HANDSETS, 2010 AND 2015 ($
   MILLIONS)  108
FIGURE 7 (CONTINUED) . 109
                         Handsets 109
TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART PHONE HANDSETS,
   THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 110
                         Cellular Infrastructure . 110
TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR ADVANCED CELLULAR
   INFRASTRUCTURE THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  110
                         Wireless Networking  110
FIGURE 8 U.S. WIRELESS NETWORKING DEVICE AND EQUIPMENT
   SALES, 2009­2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 111
FIGURE 8 (CONTINUED) . 112
                                    Personal Area Networks 112
TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGIES
   USED IN PAN APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 113
                                               Energy/Home Automation . 113
TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RF TECHNOLOGIES USED IN
   ENERGY AND HOME AUTOMATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH
   2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 113
                                         Wireless Local Area Networking  114
TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR WLAN TECHNOLOGIES,
   THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 114
                                                    Small Office and Home Networks . 114
                                                    Enterprise Networks  114
                                                    Public WLANs/Hot Spots . 114
                                                    Industrial Automation and Process
                                                         Control . 115
                                                    WLAN Phones . 115
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR WLAN TECHNOLOGIES, 2009­2015
   ($ MILLIONS)  115
                                         Wireless Wide Area Networking  116
TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR WWAN MODEMS, THROUGH 2015
   ($ MILLIONS)  116
                                         Other Applications . 116
TABLE 29 OTHER GLOBAL MARKETS FOR WIRELESS
   NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  117
                    RFID . 117
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES, 2009­2015
   ($ MILLIONS)  117
FIGURE 9 (CONTINUED) . 118
TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES BY
   APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 118
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL RFID MARKET APPLICATION SEGMENTS,
   2009­2015 (%)  119
TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES BY END-
   USER SEGMENT, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 120
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL RFID MARKET END-USER SEGMENTS, 2009­
   2015 (%)  120
FIGURE 11 (CONTINUED) . 121
                              Identification and Security Applications . 121
TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES IN
   IDENTIFICATION/SECURITY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 122
                                         Hospital Patient/Staff/Equipment
                                              Management . 122
                                         Retail Anti-theft . 122
                                         Livestock/Animal Tracking . 123
                                         Automatic Vehicle Identification  123
                                         Travel Documents  123
                                         Personnel Access Control and Monitoring . 123
                                         Vehicle Entry and Control. 124
                                    Anti-counterfeiting/Anti-tampering . 124
                                    Asset Tagging . 124
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID ASSET TRACKING
   APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  125
                                               Baggage Identification and Tracking 125
                                               Cargo Container Security and Tracking. 125
                                               Library Systems  126
                                               Museums . 126
                                               Document Management . 126
                         E-Payments . 127
TABLE 34 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES IN E-
   PAYMENTS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 127
                                    Highway Toll Collection Systems . 127
                                    Mobile Payments  128
                                    Other Contactless Payments. 128
                         Materials Handling/Logistics . 129
TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES IN
   MATERIALS HANDLING/LOGISTICS, THROUGH 2015 ($
   MILLIONS)  129
                                    Manufacturing Automation  129
                                    Supply Chain Management  129
                                    Warehouse Automation . 130
                                    Shipment Tracking  130
                         Military 130
TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MILITARY RFID TECHNOLOGIES,
   THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 131
                                    Military Logistics . 131
                                    Other Military RFID Applications . 131
                         Other RFID Applications  131
TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFID TECHNOLOGIES IN OTHER
   APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  132
                                    Gaming and Entertainment  132
                                    Location-Based Services  132
                                    Smart Appliances . 133
               Global Positioning Systems . 133
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL GPS EXPENDITURES, 2009­2015 ($ MILLIONS)  134
                         Infrastructure . 134
TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS SATELLITE
   INFRASTRUCTURE, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  135
                         End-User Equipment  136
TABLE 39 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS END-USER
   DEVICES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  136
                                    Vehicle Navigation and Location Systems  136
   TABLE 40 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS VEHICLE
      NAVIGATION SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2015 . 137
                                       Consumer GPS . 137
   TABLE 41 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR CONSUMER GPS
      DEVICES OTHER THAN VEHICLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS,
      THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 138
   TABLE 42 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET MOBILE PHONE GPS
      CHIPSETS, THROUGH 2015 . 138
                                       Aviation . 139
   TABLE 43 SUMMARY OF GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS CIVIL
      AVIATION NAVIGATION AND LANDING AIDS, THROUGH 2015 ($
      MILLIONS)  139
                                       Machine Control . 139
   TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS MACHINE CONTROL
      SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 140
                                       Military . 140
   TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GPS MILITARY APPLICATIONS,
      THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 141
                                       Other Applications . 141
                  Plasma Surface Modification Equipment . 141
   TABLE 46 PROJECTED SALES OF RF PLASMA EQUIPMENT,
      THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS). 142
                  RF Components . 142
   FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RFICS, 2009-2019 ($ BILLIONS). 143
   TABLE 47 GLOBAL MARKET FOR RF MEMS, THROUGH 2015 ($
      MILLIONS)  144
             APPLICATIONS. 144
   TABLE 48 EMERGING RF APPLICATIONS SALES, THROUGH 2015 ($
      MILLIONS)  144
   FIGURE 14 EMERGING RF TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SHARES BY
      GENERAL APPLICATION, 2009 (%) . 145
   FIGURE 15 EMERGING RF TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SHARE BY
      GENERAL APPLICATION, 2015 (%) . 146
             END USERS . 147
   TABLE 49 EMERGING RF TECHNOLOGY END USER, THROUGH
      2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 147
   FIGURE 16 RF TECHNOLOGY MARKET SHARES BY TYPE OF END
      USER, 2009 (%)  148
   FIGURE 17 EMERGING RF TECHNOLOGIES BY TYPE OF END
      USER, 2015 (%)  149

CHAPTER FIVE: LONG-TERM MARKET OUTLOOK
    DEVELOPMENTS THAT WILL INFLUENCE THE LONG-TERM
      MARKET FOR RAPIDLY GROWING RF TECHNOLOGIES  150
    ECONOMIC TRENDS  150
   TABLE 50 GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH VS. PREVIOUS YEAR,
     2005­2015 (%)  151
      HEALTH/ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES  151
      PRIVACY ISSUES  152
           PRIVACY ISSUES (CONTINUED) . 153
      SECURITY ISSUES . 154
      TECHNOLOGY TRENDS  155
      BANDWIDTH COMPETITION . 156

CHAPTER SIX: COMPANY PROFILES
    CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC. . 157
    CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. . 157
    D-LINK CORP. 158
    DELPHI AUTOMOTIVE, LLP . 158
    DENSO CORP.  159
    DIGITAL ANGEL . 159
    GARMIN CORP. . 159
    HTC CORP. . 160
    INNOVISION RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, PLC  160
    MEMX 161
    NXP SEMICONDUCTORS N.V.  161
    SAVI TECHNOLOGY . 161
    SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.  162
    STMICROELECTRONICS N.V.  162
    TEXAS INSTRUMENTS  163
    TRIMBLE NAVIGATION, LTD.  163

APPENDIX 
    ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS 164
          ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)  165
          ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)  166