Sensors are an important part of any measurement and automation application.  The sensor is responsible for converting physical phenomenon into a quantity measurable by a data-acquisition system.  The proliferation of advanced electronic control systems has provided sensor users ongoing advances in sensor accuracy, reliability, response time, robustness, miniaturization, communications capability, and efficiencies.  This has fueled research and development in the sensors industry, which in turn creates opportunities for technology advancements that open up new applications for sensors.

Application support holds the key to the development of new technologies.  What drives the adoption of the core technology in the industrial sector is the availability of a solution that can provide seamless integration into existing automation systems.  A need exists for technology and product development to be focused on industrial applications through appropriate additional integration and value-added tests.  This must, in turn, be supported by a long-term strategy and road map for the industrial market.

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

This report studies the role of sensors in various applications, explains the technology and innovation behind sensor development and production, and provides a quantitative and detailed market overview, analyzing major market trends both in terms of region and application sector.  In addition, the report examines new developments taking place in the sensors industry with respect to continuous improvements in environmental performance.  The report analyzes the market for various sensors as well as for the technologies involved.  The market for various emerging technologies in sensors as well as the new products produced using these technologies is also examined.

The report also analyzes the various applications of sensors, with a special emphasis on new products in development, and the markets for these products.  In addition to new product development, research and development is taking sensor technology to new heights and a closer look into these technologies has been made in this report.  This report pinpoints the need for the industry’s commitment to continuous improvement in environmental performance and takes a glimpse into a future where the functionality of coatings will be enhanced and transformed from the conventional areas of protection and aesthetics to meet more specific demands.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

For a company to succeed in a competitive market, it must identify product opportunities from the viewpoint of the company’s strengths.  To this end, it is necessary to understand the size and growth rate of any opportunity and the competitive atmosphere in which the company exists.  This report presents the ideal medium to understand the increasing opportunities in the field of sensors, including their applications, and will help a prospective manufacturer, distributor, or user to succeed in this growing industry.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The report will be relevant to the following stakeholders:

• Marketing managers identify new market opportunities and develop targeted promotion plans for sensors and allied products
• Research and development professionals to stay on top of competitor initiatives and explore demand for sensors and to develop new products and for new applications
• Advertising agencies working with clients in the sensors industry to understand the products and to develop messages and images that will influence consumers to purchase these products
• Business development executives to understand the dynamics of the market and identify possible new markets
• Information and research center librarians to provide market researchers, brand and product managers with the information needed to do their jobs more effectively

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

• The global market for sensors was estimated at $56.3 billion in 2010.  It is expected to increase to $62.8 billion in 2011 and then to nearly $91.5 billion by 2016, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8%.
• The market for biosensors and chemical sensors is expected to experience the highest growth, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.6% during the 5-year period from 2011 to 2016. This sector is expected to be worth $13 billion in 2011 and $21 billion in 2016.
• Image sensors will experience high growth because of their increased use in smart phones and many other portable devices. The image, flow, and level sensors category is estimated at $18 billion in 2011 and is expected to increase at an 8.5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach $27 billion in 2016.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES . 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY  2
INTENDED AUDIENCE  2
SCOPE OF REPORT  2
METHODOLOGY . 2
INFORMATION SOURCES . 3
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS . 3
ANALYST’S CREDENTIALS . 3
BCC ONLINE SERVICES  4
DISCLAIMER . 4

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY 
SUMMARY  5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 6
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS, 2009-2016 ($
MILLIONS)  7

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 
DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY  8
INDUSTRY CONCEPTS  8
IMPORTANCE OF THE SENSOR INDUSTRY  8
SENSOR LIFE CYCLES  9
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SENSORS . 9
LIFE CYCLE STAGES OF SENSORS  9
TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE . 10
LIFE CYCLE COST . 10
HISTORY OF SENSORS  10
HISTORY OF MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGIES . 11
HISTORY OF STRAIN GAUGES  12
HISTORY OF LOAD CELL SENSORS . 13
HISTORY OF ACCELOROMETERS  13
HISTORY OF MEMS SENSORS  14
HISTORY OF BIOSENSORS  15
FORESEEABLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS  16
FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS  16
SMART SENSORS . 16
WIRELESS SENSORS. 17
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS . 17
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF AUTOMOBILES  17
TREAD Act  18
EU TPMS Legislation  18
Standards in the Automobile Industry . 18
U.S. Standards . 19
Federal Motor Vehicle Standards  19
Crash Avoidance  19
Crash Worthiness. 20
CAFE Standards  20
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS  20

CHAPTER FOUR: GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES
OVERVIEW OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES . 21
OVERALL MARKET FOR SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES  22
TABLE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 23
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-2016 ($
MILLIONS)  23
TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY REGION, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 24
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS BY REGION, 2009-2016
($ MILLIONS)  24
GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS . 25
IMAGE SENSORS . 25
Market for Image Sensors by Type . 26
TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 26
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 27
Regional Markets for Image Sensors  27
TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 28
FIGURE 4 REGIONAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSORS, 2009-2016 ($
MILLIONS)  28
BIOSENSORS  28
Market for Biosensors by Type . 29
TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS BY TYPE, THROUGH
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 29
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-2016
($ MILLIONS)  30
Regional Markets for Biosensors  30
TABLE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 31
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSORS BY REGION, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 31
PRESSURE SENSORS  31
Market for Pressure Sensors by Type . 31
TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 32
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSORS BY TYPE,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  33
Regional Markets for Pressure Sensors  33
TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 34
FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  34
POSITION SENSORS  34
Market for Position Sensors by Type  35
TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 36
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSORS BY TYPE,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  36
Regional Markets for Position Sensors . 37
TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 37
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  38
CHEMICAL SENSORS  38
Market for Chemical Sensors by Type  39
TABLE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 39
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS BY TYPE,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  40
Regional Markets for Chemical Sensors . 40
TABLE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  41
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  41
LOAD AND FORCE SENSORS  42
Market for Load and Force Sensors by Type  42
TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD AND FORCE SENSORS BY
TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  43
FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD AND FORCE SENSORS BY
TYPE, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  43
Regional Markets for Load and Force Sensors . 44
TABLE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD AND FORCE SENSORS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  44
FIGURE 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD AND FORCE SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 44
TEMPERATURE SENSORS . 45
Market for Temperature Sensors by Type  45
TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS BY
TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  46
FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS BY
TYPE, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 46
Regional Markets for Temperature Sensors  47
TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  47
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 47
FLOW SENSORS . 48
Market for Flow Sensors by Type . 48
TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 48
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 49
Regional Markets for Flow Sensors  49
TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 49
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 50
LEVEL SENSORS  50
Market for Level Sensors by Type  51
TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 51
FIGURE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 52
Regional Markets for Level Sensors . 52
TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 52
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSORS BY REGION,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  53
MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS . 53
Market for Miscellaneous Sensors by Type  53
Smart Sensors . 54
Wireless Sensors . 54
Fiber-Optic Sensors  55
SQUID Sensors . 56
TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS BY
TYPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  57
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS BY
TYPE, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  58
Regional Markets for Miscellaneous Sensors . 58
TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS BY
REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  58
FIGURE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS BY
REGION, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 59
MEMS SENSORS  59
Market for MEMS Sensors by Type  60
TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS SENSORS BY TYPE,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 60
FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS SENSORS BY TYPE, 2009-
2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 61
Regional Markets for MEMS Sensors . 61
TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS SENSORS BY REGION,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 62
FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MEMS SENSORS BY REGION,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  62

CHAPTER FIVE: GLOBAL MARKET BY SENSOR APPLICATION
OVERVIEW OF SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 63
IMAGE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 63
SMART PHONE APPLICATIONS  64
Handset Cameras  64
HD in Mobile Handsets and Smart Phones . 64
ENTERTAINMENT ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS  64
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS  65
Automated Inspection . 65
Machine Vision  65
Image Sensors with Remote Touch Screen Display . 65
AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS  65
Lane Departure Warning and Blind Spot Detection . 65
Multi Camera Automotive . 65
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  66
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy . 66
Artificial Retina . 66
Digital Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Cardiology, and
Mammography . 66
Minimal Diameter Endoscope . 67
Dental Imaging  67
Tissue Biopsy . 67
SECURITY APPLICATIONS  67
Surveillance Systems  67
Biometric Personal Identification . 68
Security and Surveillance . 68
Defense and Homeland Security . 68
Video Surveillance . 68
MILITARY APPLICATIONS . 68
OTHER IMAGE SENSOR APPLICATIONS  69
Photography . 69
Scientific . 69
Camera Integration in Notebook Computers . 69
MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 69
TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 70
FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR IMAGE SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  70
BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS  71
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  71
Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) . 72
Home Diagnostics  72
Glucose Biosensors  72
Insulin Therapy . 72
Holographic Biosensor for Screening Pancreatic Disorders  73
Artificial Pancreas . 73
Biosensors to Monitor Cell Morphology  73
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Detection . 73
Measurement of Metabolites . 74
Biosensors in Drug Discovery . 74
Biosensors for Genetic Analysis  74
Biosensors for Breast Cancer Treatment . 74
Cell-on-Chip Biosensors  75
BIODEFENSE APPLICATIONS . 75
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPLICATIONS . 76
Air and Water Monitoring . 76
Industrial Process Control  77
MARKET FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS  77
TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 77
FIGURE 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  78
PRESSURE SENSOR APPLICATIONS  78
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS  79
Automation  79
Hydraulic Systems . 79
Fluid/Gas Pressure Verification  79
Differential Pressure Measurement . 80
AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS  80
GENERAL AND CONSUMER APPLICATIONS . 81
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  81
Pressure Sensors for Analyzers  82
Pressure Sensors for Sleep Apnea Mask  82
Pressure Sensors for Aerosol Drug Delivery  82
Pressure Sensor for Infusion Pumps and Micro Pumps  82
Pressure Sensors for Cataract Aspiration  83
Blood Pressure Sensor Arrays  83
Blood Pressure Sensor Arrays (Continued) . 84
AEROSPACE/AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS . 85
Measurement of Engine Performance Parameters  85
Cockpit Instrumentation . 85
Altitude Sensing  86
MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSOR APPLICATIONS  86
TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 86
FIGURE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PRESSURE SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 87
POSITION SENSOR APPLICATIONS  87
MACHINE TOOLS/POWER PLANTS  88
Monitoring of Micro-Power Plants  88
Speed Control on Drawing Machine for Wire-Enameling
Equipment  88
Angle Position Sensors in Wrapping Machines . 88
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  88
Transperitoneal Dialysis . 88
Carousel Positioning for Oncology Treatments  88
AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS  89
Wheel Vector Sensor  89
Automotive Engine Control . 89
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor  89
Camshaft Position Sensor . 89
Crankshaft Position Sensor  90
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS . 90
Rudder Feedback on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
(AUV)  90
Application in Ocean-Going Yacht  90
Application in Cable Laying Ships, Tugboats  90
Application in Snow Blowers  90
Pitch Regulation in Wind Turbines  91
Position Sensors in High Speed Trains  91
Enhanced Joystick Control . 91
MARKET FOR POSITION SENSOR APPLICATIONS  91
TABLE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 92
FIGURE 28 GLOBAL MARKET FOR POSITION SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 92
CHEMICAL SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 93
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS  93
AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS  93
Exhaust Gas Sensor  93
Air Quality Sensors . 94
Humidity Sensors  94
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS . 94
APPLICATIONS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOOD AND
BEVERAGES  94
Monitoring of the Concentration of Nutrients . 94
Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Intrusion in Process Water  94
Monitoring of Spoilage. 95
METALLURGICAL APPLICATIONS . 95
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  95
Blood Alcohol Breath Analyzers . 95
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING  96
Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution  96
Portable Water Pollution Monitors . 96
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sensors for Home Smoke
Detectors . 96
SECURITY APPLICATIONS  97
Chemical and Biological Warfare Agent Detectors  97
Chemical Sensors for Hazardous Chemicals  97
Chemical Sensors for Airborne Biotoxins . 97
Chemical Sensors for Security Perimeter Monitoring . 97
OTHER APPLICATIONS  98
Oxygen Sensors  98
Carbon Monoxide Sensors . 98
Catalytic Gas Sensors (Pellistors) . 98
MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 98
TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 99
FIGURE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR CHEMICAL SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 99
TORQUE, LOAD, AND FORCE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 100
TORQUE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 100
Rotating Torque Monitoring System  100
Peristaltic Pump  100
Prosthetic Limbs  101
Assembly Line Automation . 101
Torque Verification  101
Torque Screwdriver . 101
LOAD CELL APPLICATIONS  101
Bag Filling Machine  101
Tank Dispensing Equipment  102
Windmill Tower . 102
Suspension Bridge Monitoring  102
Tank/Silo/Hopper Filling and Monitoring  102
FORCE SENSORS APPLICATIONS  102
Stamping Operations . 102
Miniature Load Cells in Robotic Arms . 103
Food Packaging  103
Biometrics  103
Bolt Fastening/Clamping Measurement  103
Drug Delivery  103
Kidney Dialysis  104
Brake Evaluation . 104
Fall Detection Application by Using 3-Axis Accelerometer . 104
MARKET FOR LOAD, FORCE, AND TORQUE SENSOR
APPLICATIONS  104
TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD, FORCE, AND TORQUE
SENSOR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  105
FIGURE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LOAD, FORCE, AND TORQUE
SENSOR APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 105
TEMPERATURE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 106
HVAC APPLICATIONS . 106
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS  107
PROCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS . 107
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS  107
Dialysis . 107
Patient Monitoring  108
Pharmaceuticals  108
MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 108
TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 108
FIGURE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  109
FLOW SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 109
OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY . 110
WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT . 111
PROCESS INDUSTRY  111
POWER INDUSTRY  112
LIFE SCIENCES  112
FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING  113
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING  114
AGRICULTURE . 114
MARKET FOR FLOW SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 115
TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 115
FIGURE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FLOW SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  116
LEVEL SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 116
LEVEL MONITORING IN REFINERY IMPOUNDING BASINS  117
LEAKAGE MONITORING  117
INTERFACE MEASUREMENT  118
DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL . 118
CONDENSATION VESSELS FOR LIQUIDS AND GASES . 118
LEVEL MEASUREMENT IN GAS TRAPS  119
LEVEL DETECTION IN CONDENSATION VESSELS  119
LEVEL MEASUREMENT IN REFERENCE VESSELS 119
LIQUID PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) AND LIQUID NATURAL
GAS (LNG)  119
LEVEL DETECTION OF AMMONIA . 119
REFINERY TANK FARMS . 120
RELIABLE OVERFILL PROTECTION  120
SEPARATING DIFFERENT PRODUCTS  120
LEVEL MEASUREMENT OF BY-PRODUCTS . 121
MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 121
TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 121
FIGURE 33 GLOBAL MARKET FOR LEVEL SENSOR APPLICATIONS,
2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  122
MISCELLANEOUS SENSOR APPLICATIONS . 122
MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSOR APPLICATIONS  122
TABLE 34 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  123
FIGURE 34 GLOBAL MARKET FOR MISCELLANEOUS SENSOR
APPLICATIONS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 123
APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES  124
TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
VARIOUS INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  124
TABLE 35 (CONTINUED)  125
FIGURE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
VARIOUS INDUSTRIES, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  125
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY  125
TABLE 36 SENSORS USED IN VARIOUS FUNCTIONS IN THE
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY  126
TABLE 36 (CONTINUED)  127
Market for Sensors in the Automobile Industry  127
TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  128
FIGURE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 128
PROCESS INDUSTRIES . 129
Petrochemical, Oil, and Gas Industry  130
Upstream Applications . 131
Midstream Applications . 131
Downstream Applications  131
Food, Dairy, and Beverage Industry . 131
Food, Dairy, and Beverage Industry (Continued) . 132
Pharmaceutical Manufacture . 133
Chemical Industry . 134
Market for Sensor Applications in Process Industries. 134
TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
PROCESS INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  134
FIGURE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS IN PROCESS
INDUSTRIES, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  135
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS . 135
TABLE 39 APPLICATIONS OF SENSORS IN CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS . 136
Market for Sensor Applications in Consumer Electronics . 136
TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  136
FIGURE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 137
MEDICAL INDUSTRY  137
Market for Sensor Applications in the Medical Industry  138
TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
MEDICAL INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  139
FIGURE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
MEDICAL INDUSTRY, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 139
MANUFACTURE OF MACHINERY  140
Market for Sensor Applications in the Manufacture of
Machinery . 140
TABLE 42 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MACHINERY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  141
FIGURE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSORS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MACHINERY, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  141
BUILDING INDUSTRY . 142
Market for Sensor Applications in the Building Industry . 143
TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
BUILDING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  143
FIGURE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN THE
BUILDING INDUSTRY, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  144
AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS  144
Aircraft Applications . 144
Ship Applications . 145
Market for Sensor Applications in Aircraft/Ships  146
TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  146
FIGURE 42 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 146
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES . 147
Environmental . 147
Desalination  147
Wastewater . 147
Irrigation . 148
MINING  148
POWER PLANTS . 148
Market for Sensor Applications in Miscellaneous
Industries  149
TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)  149
FIGURE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES, 2009-2016 ($ MILLIONS)  149

CHAPTER SIX: SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES
OVERVIEW OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES . 150
BASIC SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES  150
TABLE 46 SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES . 151
TYPES OF SENSORS. 151
IMAGE SENSORS . 151
Types of Image Sensors . 151
Charge-Coupled Device Image Sensor . 152
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Image
Sensor . 152
Comparison of CCD and CMOS Image Sensor
Technologies 153
TABLE 47 COMPARISON BETWEEN CCD AND CMOS IMAGE
SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES . 154
Other Types of Image Sensors  154
New Developments in Image Sensor Technologies  155
BIOSENSORS  155
Biosensor Sensing Elements . 156
Biological Element of a Biosensor . 156
Physical Element of a Biosensor . 156
Basic Characteristics of Biosensors  157
Types of Biosensors . 157
Electrochemical Biosensors  157
Conductimetric Biosensors 158
Amperometric Biosensors  158
Potentiometric Biosensors . 158
Bioluminescent Biosensors . 158
Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Biosensors  159
Resonant Mirror Biosensors . 159
Optoelectric Biosensors  160
Thermistor Biosensors  160
MEMS Biosensors . 160
Biosensors for Specific Purposes . 161
Biosensors to Monitor Cell Morphology . 161
Biosensors for DNA Detection  161
Holographic Biosensors for Screening Pancreatic
Disorders  161
Biosensors for Toxicity  162
Ion-Sensitive Biosensors . 162
Recent Innovations  163
Silicon Microsensors . 163
Fiber-Optic Biosensors . 163
Fast-Detection Biosensors  164
PRESSURE SENSORS . 164
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION  164
Principle of Operation (Continued) . 165
TYPES OF PRESSURE SENSORS . 166
Types of Pressure Sensors Based on Construction  166
Mechanical Deflection Pressure Sensors . 167
Strain Gauge Pressure sensors  167
Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors . 167
Semiconductor Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors . 167
MEMS Pressure Sensors  167
Vibrating Element Pressure Sensors . 168
Variable Capacitance Pressure Sensors  168
PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS . 168
Transducer Technologies . 169
Active Transducer Elements  169
Piezoelectric Transducers  169
Magnetic Induction Transducers  169
Variable Reluctance Transducers . 170
Variable Capacitance Transducers . 170
Passive Transducer Elements  170
Resistance Pressure Gauges . 171
Potentiometric Pressure Transducers  171
Integrated Circuit Transducer Elements  172
Piezoresistive Sensors 172
Variable Capacitance Transducers . 172
POSITION SENSORS  173
DISPLACEMENT POSITION SENSORS  173
Linear Position Sensors . 173
Linear Voltage Differential Transformer (LVDT)
Position Sensors . 174
Magnetostrictive Linear Position Sensors . 174
Capacitive Linear Position Sensors . 174
Eddy Current Linear Position Sensors  175
Fiber-Optic Linear Position Sensors  175
Ultrasonic Linear Position Sensors  176
Rotary Position Sensors  176
Hall Effect Rotary Position Sensors . 176
PROXIMITY SENSORS . 177
TYPES OF PROXIMITY SENSORS . 177
Magnetic Proximity Sensors . 178
Capacitive Proximity Sensors . 178
Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors . 178
Photoelectric Proximity Sensors . 178
Inductive Proximity Sensors . 179
MEMS Ultrasonic Position Sensors  179
Fiber-Optic Proximity Sensors  179
CHEMICAL SENSORS  179
TOXIC GAS DETECTION SENSORS  180
Types of Gas Detection Sensors  181
Electrochemical Gas Sensors  181
Pellistor Gas Sensors  182
Electrolytic Cell Gas Sensors . 182
Metallic Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors  183
Catalytic Oxidation Gas Sensors 183
Infrared Gas Sensors  184
Zirconium Oxide Gas Sensors  184
Solid-State Semiconductor Gas Sensors  184
Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Gas
Sensors . 184
Diode Laser Gas Sensors  185
Chemfet Gas Sensors  185
Ion-Controlled Diode Gas Sensors . 185
Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensors . 185
Acoustic Wave Gas Sensors  185
Light Emitting Diode (LED) Gas Sensors . 186
MEMS CHEMICAL SENSORS . 186
MEMS Infrared Sensors  186
OXYGEN ANALYZERS . 186
Types of Oxygen Analyzers . 187
Electrochemical Oxygen Analyzer . 187
Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzer . 187
Polarographic Oxygen Analyzer . 187
Zirconium Oxide Oxygen Analyzer  188
New Developments in Oxygen Analyzers . 188
Optochemical Sensor Technology . 188
Nanosensor Technology  189
HUMIDITY/MOISTURE SENSORS . 189
Humidity Sensors  189
Moisture Sensors . 190
PH SENSORS . 191
OTHER TYPES OF CHEMICAL SENSORS  191
Hydrogen Sensors  191
Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensors  191
Other Types of Hydrogen Sensors  192
Carbon Dioxide Sensor  193
Non-Dispersive Infrared Carbon Dioxide Sensors  193
Chemical Carbon Dioxide Sensors . 193
OTHER TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE ODORS  193
Electronic Nose  194
Operation of an Electronic Nose . 194
Applications of Electronic Nose  195
TEMPERATURE SENSORS  196
TYPES OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS  196
Thermocouples . 196
Thermostats . 197
Thermistors  197
Resistance Temperature Detectors . 198
Radiation Pyrometer . 199
Smart Infrared Detectors  199
Infrared Thermometers . 200
Infrared Radiation Thermometers  201
Non-contact Infrared Temperature Sensors . 201
Optical Temperature Sensors . 202
Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensors . 203
MEMS Infrared Thermopile Sensors  204
FORCE/LOAD/TORQUE SENSORS . 204
FORCE SENSORS . 205
Types of Force Sensors  205
Load Cells/Force Transducers  205
Strain Gauges . 206
Force Transducers  206
Piezoelectric Force Transducers . 207
ACCELEROMETERS  207
Piezoelectric Accelerometers . 208
Suspended Mass Accelerometers  208
MEMS Accelerometers  209
Linear Velocity Sensors . 210
Collision Sensors  211
Linear Velocity Transducer (LVT)  211
TORQUE SENSORS  212
Types of Torque Sensor Technologies . 212
Magneto-Elastic Torque Sensor . 212
Piezoelectric Torque Sensor  213
Strain Gauge Torque Sensor  213
FLOW SENSORS  213
Mass Flow Sensors  214
Volumetric Flow Sensors . 215
Velocity Flow Sensors  215
TYPES OF FLOW SENSORS BASED ON TECHNOLOGY  215
Differential Flow Sensors  215
Pitot Tube Flowmeter . 216
Venturi Valve Flowmeter . 216
Transit Time Flowmeter . 216
Flow Transducer . 216
Linear Flow Sensors  216
Turbine Sensors  217
Paddlewheel Sensors  217
Positive Displacement Sensors . 217
Ultrasonic Flow Sensors . 217
Laser Doppler Sensors  218
Magnetic Flow Sensors . 218
Vortex Shedding Sensors  218
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FLOW SENSORS . 218
LEVEL SENSORS  219
CONTINUOUS LEVEL SENSORS . 219
Float Level Sensor Technology . 220
Sight Glass Level Sensor Technology . 220
Resistance Level Sensor Technology  220
Phase Shift Level Sensor Technology . 220
Oscillatory Level Sensor Technology  220
Laser Deflection Level Sensor Technology . 220
Balanced Beam Level Sensor Technology  221
Pressure Level Sensor Technology . 221
Ultrasonic Level Sensor Technology . 221
POINT/MULTI-POINT LEVEL SENSORS  221
Capacitive Level Sensor Technology . 221
Conductive Level Sensor Technology . 222
Contact Level Sensor Technology . 222
Temperature Level Sensor Technology  222
Photoelectric Level Sensor Technology . 222
Refractive Level Sensor Technology . 222
Microwave Level Sensor Technology  223
Magnetostrictive Level Sensor Technology  223
DEVICE CLASSIFICATION OF LEVEL SENSORS . 223
FUTURE OF LEVEL SENSORS . 223
MEMS LEVEL SENSORS . 224
MISCELLANEOUS SENSORS  224
PHOTOELECTRIC SENSORS  224
Photoelectric Sensors (Continued)  225
FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS  226
UV SENSORS . 226
BIOMETRIC SENSORS  227
PATENT ANALYSIS  228
TABLE 48 SELECT U.S. SENSOR PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE, 2006–2010
(NO.) . 229
TABLE 49 SELECT U.S. SENSOR PATENTS BY YEAR ISSUED, 2006–
2010 (NO.)  230
TABLE 50 SELECT U.S. SENSOR PATENTS BY COUNTRY, 2006–2010
(NO.) . 230
TABLE 51 SELECT U.S. SENSOR PATENTS BY TYPE OF
TECHNOLOGY/PROCESS, 2006–2010 (NO.) . 230

CHAPTER SEVEN INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. SENSOR MARKET  231
ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN SENSOR MARKET . 232
ANALYSIS OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC SENSOR MARKET . 233
ANALYSIS OF MARKETS FOR VARIOUS SENSORS . 234
IMAGE SENSORS . 234
BIOSENSORS  234
CHEMICAL SENSORS  235
TEMPERATURE SENSORS . 236
POSITION SENSORS  237
MEMS SENSORS  237
SMART SENSORS . 238
WIRELESS SENSORS. 238
ULTRASONIC SENSORS . 239
ANALYSIS OF SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN VARIOUS
INDUSTRIES  240
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY  240
MEDICAL INDUSTRY  240
Medical Industry (Continued) . 241
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS  242
FACTORS INFLUENCING SENSOR MARKETS  242
FACTORS INFLUENCING SENSOR … (CONTINUED) . 243
CHALLENGES IN THE SENSORS INDUSTRY  244
COMPETITIVE FACTORS IN THE SENSORS INDUSTRY . 244
MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, AND JOINT VENTURES IN THE
SENSORS INDUSTRY  245
TABLE 52 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, 2006–2010 . 246
TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)  247
TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)  248
TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)  249
TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)  250

CHAPTER EIGHT: COMPANY PROFILES OF SENSOR MANUFACTURERS 
AB ELECTRONIC, LTD.  251
ALEPH AMERICA  252
ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS, INC.  252
AMERICAN ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, INC. . 253
AMERICAN SENSOR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. . 254
AMETEK, INC. . 255
ANALOG DEVICES, INC.  256
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATES. 257
ATI INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION . 257
AUTOLIV, INC.  258
AUTOLIV ELECTRONICS AMERICA . 258
Autoliv Electronics America (Continued) . 259
AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC. . 260
BEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. . 261
BINSFIELD ENGINEERING, INC.  262
BLUE-WHITE INDUSTRIES  262
BOKAM ENGINEERING, INC. . 263
BOSCH SENSORTEC GMBH  264
BOSCH SENSORTEC  264
BOURNS SENSORS GMBH  265
BOURNS, INC. . 265
CASCO PRODUCTS CORP. . 266
CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS, INC.  267
COLIBRYS SA  268
COLIBRYS, INC.  268
COMUS BELGIUM BVBA . 269
CONAX TECHNOLOGIES, LLC . 270
CONTINENTAL AG . 271
COOPER INSTRUMENTS & SYSTEMS  272
CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY, INC 273
CUSTOM SENSORS & TECHNOLOGIES (CST) . 273
DATA INDUSTRIAL CORP.  274
DELPHI CORP 275
DENSO CORP.  276
DENSO INTERNATIONAL AMERICA  277
DER EE ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENT CO., LTD.  278
ELECTRICFIL AUTOMOTIVE . 279
ELESYS NORTH AMERICA, INC.  279
ZHONGSHAN ELESYS CO., LTD. . 279
ENDEVCO CORP.  280
ENDRESS+HAUSER INSTRUMENTS INTERNATIONAL AG . 281
FLINTEC GMBH  282
FLOW TECHNOLOGY, INC. . 283
FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.  283
GE MEASUREMENT & CONTROL SOLUTIONS . 284
GE MEASUREMENT & CONTROL … (CONTINUED)  285
GEMS SENSORS & CONTROLS  286
GEORGE FISCHER, INC.  287
GE SENSING  288
HAMLIN ELECTRONICS  289
HANS TURCK GMBH & CO. KG  289
TURCK, INC. 290
HELLA KGAA HUECK & CO. . 290
HELLA NORTH AMERICA, INC.  290
Hella North America, Inc. (Continued)  291
HITACHI AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS  292
HITACHI AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS (USA), INC. . 293
HONEYWELL SENSING AND CONTROL  294
INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG  295
INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES NORTH AMERICA CORP.  295
INTEGRATED SENSING SYSTEMS, INC.  296
INTEGRATED SENSING SYSTEMS, INC. (CONTINUED)  297
INTERFACE, INC. . 298
IR-TEC INTERNATIONAL, LTD. . 298
JEWELL INSTRUMENTS, LLC  299
JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC. . 300
J-TEC ASSOCIATES, INC.  301
JUMO GMBH & CO. KG  302
JUMO PROCESS CONTROL, INC.  302
KAVILCO CORP.  303
KEY SAFETY SYSTEMS, INC. . 304
KISTLER INSTRUMENTE GMBH . 305
KISTLER INSTRUMENT CORP. . 305
LAKE MONITORS, INC.  306
MAXIMA TECHNOLOGIES  306
MEASUREMENT SPECIALTIES, INC. . 307
MEAS SWITZERLAND SA  308
MELEXIS MICROELECTRONIC INTEGRATED SYSTEMS . 308
MELEXIS, INC.  309
MEMSIC, INC.  310
MEMSIC SEMICONDUCTOR (WUXI) CO., LTD.  310
MICRALYNE, INC.  310
MICROE SYSTEMS, INC. 311
MICROSTRAIN, INC. . 312
MIDORI PRECISIONS CO., LTD. . 313
MKS INSTRUMENTS  313
MOTION SENSORS, INC. . 314
MTS SYSTEMS CORP.  315
NOVOTECHNIK U.S., INC. . 315
NXP SEMICONDUCTORS  316
NXP SEMICONDUCTORS USA, INC. . 316
OMRON CORP. . 317
ONCQUE CORP. . 318
PANASONIC ELECTRIC WORKS CORPORATION OF AMERICA  319
PRINCO INSTRUMENTS, INC.  319
PROXIMITY CONTROLS  320
QUALITY THERMISTOR, INC.  320
RALTRON ELECTRONICS CORP. . 321
RAYTEK CORP.  322
RDP ELECTROSENSE, INC.  322
RONAN ENGINEERING CO.  323
ROSEMOUNT, INC. . 323
SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGIES, INC.  324
SENSANT CORP. . 325
SENSATA TECHNOLOGIES B.V.  326
SENSATA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.  326
SENSONOR TECHNOLOGIES AS . 327
SHANGHAI TM AUTOMATION INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD.  328
SILICON SENSING SYSTEMS, LTD.  328
SENSOR SCIENTIFIC, INC. . 329
SENSOTEC, INC. . 329
THE SHANGHAI NICERA SENSOR CO., LTD.  330
SIEMENS MILLTRONICS PROCESS INSTRUMENTS, INC. . 331
SSI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.  332
STANDEX ELECTRONICS, INC. . 333
STMICROELECTRONICS . 334
SYSTRON DONNER INERTIAL . 335
THERM-O-DISC, INC. . 336
TT ELECTRONICS, PLC . 337
TRANSDUCER TECHNIQUES, INC. . 337
VISHAY TRANSDUCERS  338
WATLOW ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. . 339
XENSOR CORP. . 340
APPENDIX ONE . 341

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 53 SELECT U.S. PATENTS  341
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  342
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  343
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  344
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  345
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  346
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  347
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  348
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  349
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  350
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  351
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  352
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  353
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  354
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  355
TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)  356
TABLE 54 LIST OF COMPANIES MANUFACTURING SENSORS,
SENSOR SYSTEMS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT . 356
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  357
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  358
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  359
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  360
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  361
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  362
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  363
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  364
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  365
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  366
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  367
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  368
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  369
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  370
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  371
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  372
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  373
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  374
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  375
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  376
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  377
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  378
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  379
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  380
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  381
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  382
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  383
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  384
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED)  385