The report addresses the progress that the telecommunications industry is making in the development of ultra-high speed networks (40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s). It updates and revises published reports on this topic written in 2004-2010.

The report details the standardization process for these technologies and is analyzing the major trends.  It also provides the marketing analysis and the survey of the major industry players and their products.

The early demand for 40 Gb/s capacity created already a significant market; 100 Gb/s networks are also introduced and the market expected to reach a sizable amount in 2012-2013.

The report also concentrates on one of the major problems in ultra-high speed communications – Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD); it analyzes its nature, sources and mitigation measures. It also addresses the industry needs to cope with PMD.

In a summary, the report:

•  Addresses the progress in the development of 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s technologies
• Reflects the recent advances in these technologies standardization
• Analyzes equipment and service market components
• Shows that one of the major trends is the development of techniques that allow using 10 Gb/s engineering rules for 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s spans
• Shows that the industry has adopted an integration of PMD compensators with various techniques for PMD mitigation (coherent receiver, advanced forms of modulation, efficient FEC and other). In such a way, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s networks can achieve satisfactory results in the performance even when utilizing old fiber.  

Audience

This report audience may include wide categories of technically - oriented staff involved in the design, operation, testing and management of high-capacity/high-speed optical networks. It also can be useful to the vendors of telecommunications equipment, which are involved in production of DWDM, OADM and other transport equipment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction   
1.1 Scope    10
1.2 Goal    10
1.3 Methodology    10
1.4 Audience    11

2.0 Technologies and Standardization Process
2.1 Drivers    12
2.2 Organizations    12
2.2.1 IEEE    12
2.2.1.1 802.3ba Scope and Time Schedule    13
2.2.1.2 Objectives    14
2.2.1.3 Details    14
2.2.1.4 Interfaces    15
2.2.1.5 Sublayers – Architecture    16
2.2.1.6 IEEE 802.3bg    17
2.2.2 ITU-T    18
2.2.2.1 Cooperation    20
2.2.3 OIF    20
2.2.4 Additions    22
2.2.5 Interest Group    23
2.2.6 X40    23
2.2.7 SSR-40    24
2.2.8 10x10 MSA    24
2.3 Current Status of Technologies    25
2.3.1 40 Gb/s Transmission    25
2.3.1.1 Modulation: Preliminary    25
2.3.2 100 Gb/s Transmission    26
2.3.2.1 Details    27
2.3.2.2 DP QPSK    29
2.3.2.3 Coherent Receiver    29
2.4 40 Gb/s Transmission Specifics    30
2.5 100 Gb/s Transmission Specifics    31
2.6 Benefits of Standardization and Advanced Technologies    33

3.0 Industry
Alcatel-Lucent (Network Elements)    35
Altera (ICs)    37
Adva (Platform)    37
Applied Micro (ICs)    38
Avago (Modules)    39
Brocade (100 Gb/s NE)    39
Broadcom (ICs)    40
Calix    41
Centallax (Modules)    42
Cisco (NEs)    43
Ciena (Switching and WDM Platforms)    47
ClariPhy (Chips)    48
Covega – Thorlabs Quantum Electronics (Modulators)    49
CyOptics (Optical Chips)    50
ECI (Platforms)    50
Ekinops (DWDM)    52
Ericsson (WDM)    54
Extreme Networks (Ethernet Switches)    54
Enablence (Receivers)    55
Huawei (DWDM)    56
Finisar (Modules)    57
Fujikura (Modules)    59
Fujitsu (ROADM)    59
Inphi (ICs)    61
Infinera (NEs)    63
JDSU (Modules and ICs)    65
Juniper (Router)    66
GigOptix (ICs)    67
Gtran (ICs)    67
Ixia (Modules)    69
MultiPHY (ICs)    69
MRV (WDM)    70
NEC (DWDM)    71
NeoPhotonics (Modules)    73
NetLogic (Modules)    74
Nokia Siemens Networks (DWDM)    74
Oclaro (ICs)    75
Oki Semiconductor (ICs)    76
OpVista (NEs)    77
Opnext (Platform)    77
Picometrix (Optical Receivers)    80
PMC – Sierra    81
Reflex Photonics (Modules)    83
Sarance Technologies (ICs)    83
Sembarc (Modules)    84
Semtech (ICs)    85
SEDU (Modules)    86
Sorrento Networks (DWDM)    87
TPac (Chipsets)    88
Triquint (ICs)    89
Tellabs (Platform)    90
U2t Photonics (ICs)    92
ViaSat    93
Voltaire (Switches)    94
Xilinx (ICs)    95
Xtera (WDM)    96

4.0 Service Providers
AT&T    98
Global Crossing    98
Level 3    99
NTT    99
Sprint    100
Qwest    101
SurfNet    101
Telefonica    101
TeliaSonera    102
Verizon    102
XO    103

5.0. Market    
5.1 Market Characteristics    105
5.2 Market Forecast    106
5.2.1 Model Assumptions    106
5.2.2 Analysis    106

6.0 PMD Nature and Characteristics
6.1 Challenge    111
6.2 Effect    112
6.2.1 Cause and Nature    112
6.2.2 Statistics    114
6.2.3 Penalties    115

7.0 PMD Compensation Methods and Associated Effects    
7.1 Normative    118
7.2 Classification    118
7.3 General: Optical PMD Mitigation Techniques    119
7.4 Compensation Efficiency    120
7.5 Measurements    120
7.6 Network Design    121
7.7 Compensation Techniques - Details    121
7.7.1 Optical Compensation    122
7.7.1.1 Methods    122
7.7.1.2 Classification Based on Order of Compensation    123
7.7.1.2.1 First-order PMDC    123
7.7.1.2.2 Second-order PMDC    124
7.7.2 Multichannel PMDC    124
7.7.3 Example    125
7.7.4 Requirements and Implementations    126
7.8 Electronics Methods    127
7.9 Mode Coupling – Fiber Method    127
7.10 Polarization Maintaining Fiber    128
7.11 Increasing PMD Tolerance    129
7.11.1 Modulation    129
7.11.2 Coherent Receiver    131
7.11.3 FEC    132
7.11.4 Summary    132

8.0 PMDC and Related Products: Vendors
Agilent    135
Ciena    136
ClariPhy    137
General Photonics    138
OZOPTICS    141
OpNext    143

9.0 Conclusions

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: OTN Frame Structure    19
Figure 2: Illustration    27
Figure 3: Additional Challenges    28
Figure 4: 40 Gb/s Network Scenario    30
Figure 5: G.709 Network Scenario    32
Figure 6: 100 Gb/s Transmission Standardization    34
Figure 7: Major Optical Networking Segments (2010-2011)    102
Figure 8: Estimate – Global Sales of 40 Gb/s Equipment    104
Figure 9: Estimate – Global Sales of 100 Gb/s Equipment    105
Figure 10: PM: Service Providers Revenue – 40 Gb/s Services – Global ($B)    105
Figure 11: PM: Service Providers Revenue – 100 Gb/s Services – Global ($M)    106
Figure 12:  DGD Illustration    111
Figure 13: 40 Gb/s – PMD Value vs Distance    112
Figure 14: Receiver sensitivity Penalty (A=0.5)    113
Figure 15: Receiver Sensitivity Penalty (A=0.3)    114
Figure 16: Optical Adaptive PMDC    122

Equation 1: Receiver Sensitivity Penalties    21

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: IEEE 802.3ba Copper Interfaces    15
Table 2: IEEE802.3ba Optical Interfaces    16
Table 3: 100 Gb/s – ITU and IEEE    26
Table 4: 100 Gb/s Design Requirements    28
Table 5: OTU Formats    31
Table 6: 40 Gb/s Equipment Distribution (initial market)    107
Table 7: Illustration    118
Table 8: Modulation and 40G System Performance    132