The High Brightness Light Emitting Diode (HB LED) market is expected to explode as unit shipments more than double between 2009 and 2012.  LEDs are creating a niche market for conventional suppliers of semiconductor processing tools. Markets for HB LEDs, backlight LEDs, and OLEDs are forecast to 2012.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction                                         

Chapter 2   Recent Progress in High Brightness LED
            Technology and Applications                        

2.1   LED: Theory of Operation                                 
2.2   Intellectual Property Map                                
2.3   LED Manufacturing Technologies & Costs                   
2.4   LED Market General Illumination                          

Chapter 3   Processing Equipment                               

3.1   Introduction                                             
3.2   MOCVD for SSL ­ Productivity Challenges and Solutions    
3.3   Low temperature Remote Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPCVD)                                                   
3.3.1 RPCVD Process Advantages                           
3.4   Defect Inspection and Testing                            
3.5   Lithography                                               
      3.5.1 Steppers                                            
      3.5.2 Nanoimprint                                         
      3.5.3 Nanopatterning of LED Wafers                       

Chapter 4   Materials of Construction                          

4.1   Introduction                                             
4.2   GaN-based LED for General Lighting                        
      4.2.1 Methods to Improve White LED Efficiency             
      4.2.2 Time-to-Market for LED substrates                  
4.3   LED Phosphor Manufacturing Issues                         
      4.3.1 Current LED Phosphor Manufacturing                
      4.3.2 LED Phosphor Cost                                  

Chapter 5   Packaging and Assembly Issues for High Brightness LEDs 
                                              
5.1   Packaging for HB LEDs                                     
      5.1.1 Bonding                                             
      5.1.2 Die/Ball Bonding                                    
      5.1.3 Scribing                                           
5.2   Wafer Level Packaging HB LEDs                            
5.3   Thermal Issues                                           
5.4   Test for HB LEDs                                         

Chapter 6   National Programs As Innovation Drivers            

6.1   DOE Solid-State Lighting Manufacturing Initiative        
6.2   DOE Solid-State Lighting Program Mission and Goal        
6.3   Major National Research Programs Pertaining to LEDs      
6.4   Challenges Facing SSL Manufacturing                       
      6.4.1 Inconsistent Color                                  
      6.4.2 Low Light Output                                    
      6.4.3 Challenges Facing Market Introduction              

Chapter 7   OLED Lighting                                      

7.1   Opportunities for Luminaire Manufacturers                
7.2   Critical Issues for Continued OLED Market Growth         
7.3   Manufacturing Options and Equipment Needs                
7.4   Availability of Critical Materials                       
7.5   OLED Lighting Costs                                       
                                   
Chapter 8   OLED Manufacturing                              

8.1   Deposition Equipment and Processes for OLED Lighting  
8.2   General OLED Manufacturing Cost Considerations        
8.3   Roll-to-Roll OLEDs                                    
8.4   Lithography                                           
8.5   Substrates and Encapsulation                           
      8.5.1 Substrate and Encapsulation Material Selection   
      8.5.2 Substrate Coatings                               
      8.5.3 Transparent Electrodes                           
      8.5.4 Encapsulation                                   
8.6   Inspection and Quality Control                        

Chapter 9   Outlook for the Worldwide OLED Market           

9.1   Introduction                                          
9.2   Passive Matrix Capacity and Demand                    
9.3   Active Matrix Capacity and Demand                     
9.4   Cost Challenges for OLED Lighting                     

Chapter 10 Outlook for the Worldwide High-Brightness LED Market                                           

10.1 HB LED Technology                                      
10.2 HB LED Market Overview and trends                       
     10.2.1 Market Drivers for SSL                           
     10.2.2 LED Backlights for Notebook PCs                  
     10.2.3 LED Backlights for LCD TVs                       
     10.2.4 LED Backlights for Other Applications            
     10.2.5 LED Lighting Market                              
     10.2.6 LED Active Outdoor Display Market                
     10.2.7 LED Signal Market                                
     10.2.8 LED Automotive Market                            
     10.2.9 LED Mobile Market                                
                                    
LIST OF TABLES
                                                                  
2.1    Color, Wavelength Material Of LED                          
2.2    Light Source Comparison                                    
2.3    Comparison of LED, HB-LED, UHB-LED Characteristics         
3.1    Epitaxy Metrics from Initial Solid-State Lighting
       Manufacturing R&D Roadmap                                  
3.2    Process Control Metrics                                    
4.1    Production Method for Various LEDs                         
4.2    Comparison of $/klm for LED Made on Various 2" Substrates  
5.1    Properties Of Die Bonding Processes                        
7.1    Comparison Of Lighting Technologies                        
7.2    OLED Displays vs OLED lighting                             
8.1    Manufacturing Roadmap for Sheet Processing of OLED
       Lighting Panels                                            
8.2    Manufacturing Roadmap for Web Processing of OLED
       Lighting Panels                                            
8.3    Projected Costs of OLED Lighting Panels (Sheet Processed)
       Stage                                                      
8.4    Projected Costs of OLED Lighting Panels (Web Processed)
       Stage                                                      
10.1   Forecast Of LED Backlights For Notebook PCs                
10.2   Forecast Of LED Backlights For LCD TVs                     
10.3   Forecast Of LED Backlights For Other Application           
10.4   Forecast Of LED Lighting Market                            
10.5   Forecast Of LED Active Outdoor Display Market              
10.6   Forecast Of LED Signal Market                              
10.7   Forecast Of LED Automotive Market                          
10.8   Forecast Of LED Mobile Market                              
10.9   Revenues of Top LED Vendors                                 
                                   
LIST OF FIGURES
                                                                     
2.1  Operation of LED                                                 
2.2  Key Intellectual Property Relationships                          
2.3  DOE Roadmap                                                      
2.4  Relative Manufacturing Costs                                     
2.5  Pareto Analysis Of SSL Manufacturing Costs                       
2.6  Market drivers for LED Biz and Applications                      
2.7  SSL vs. Classical Technologies                                   
2.8  LED Performance vs. Traditional Light Sources                    
2.9  Energy Production and Use Comparison                             
2.10 White-LEDs for General Lighting Market estimates in $B to
     2020                                                             
2.11 Wafer Needs for General Lighting (2" wafer equivalents, million
     units to 2020)                                                   
3.1 SSL ­ LED manufacturing with MOCVD: productivity
     and Cost Analysis                                                
3.2 Larger Wafer Size: GaN LEDs                                       
3.3 Global Shipments Of MOCVD Tools For 2009-2010 By Vendor           
3.4 Global Shipments Of MOCVD Tools For 2009-2010 By Region           
3.5 Diagram of RPCVD Reactor                                          
3.6 Comparison between MOCVD and RPCVD                                
3.7 Nanoimprint Lithography System                                    
3.8 The Phlatlight Chip                                               
4.1 Regular LED (white) Front-End Steps                               
4.2 Current Blocking Layer                                            
4.3 Regular LED (white) Production Costs for 100k wafers/year         
4.4 HB LED (white) Production Costs for 100k wafers/year              
4.5 LED Cost Model: Impact of Substrate Choice                        
4.6 Main Manufacturing Steps for GaN-based LED                        
4.7 Regular LED (white) Back-End                                      
4.8 Methods to Improve White LED Efficiency                           
4.9 Phosphor Coating ­ Four Approaches                                                                   
5.1    Hybrid Integration Approach to HD-LED Package     
5.2    Chain Wire Bond                                   
5.3    HB-LED with Silicon Carrier Submount              
5.4    Silicon interposer for MEMS / LED Applications    
5.5    High Brightness LED                               
5.6    SMD Package Cost Structure                        
5.7    Packaging Changes Result in Optical Improvements  
5.8    Substrate Solutions for HB/HP LEDs                
6.1    DOE Solid-State Lighting Program Strategy         
6.2    DOE Efficacy Targets                              
6.3    Congressional Appropriations                      
6.4    SSL R&D Project Funding                           
6.5    Price Targets                                     
7.1    Status of Technology Towards Lighting Targets     
7.2    Maximizing Internal Quantum Efficiency            
7.3    Manufacturing Options                             
7.4    Kodak VIST Deposition Source                      
7.5    OLED Lighting Costs ­ VTE process                 
7.6    OLED Lighting Costs: Glass Substrate              
8.1    Steps of OLED Production                          
8.2    Industrial Coater Design Approaches               
8.3    Comparison Cluster vs. In-Line ­ Gen 2            
8.4    Comparison Cluster vs. In-Line ­ Gen 4/5          
8.5    Process Flow for OLED stack                       
8.6    Comparison of Deposition Sources                  
8.7    Roll-to-Roll OLED Fabrication                     
9.1    Schematic of PMOLED                               
9.2    PMOLED Stack/Driving Architecture                
9.3    Schematic of AMOLED                               
9.4    Passive Matrix OLED Capacity and Demand Forecast  
9.5    Active Matrix OLED Capacity and Demand Forecast   
10.1   LED Market by Sector                              
10.2   Worldwide LED Market Forecast 2008-2014