This report assesses and describes the current status and assess the potential growth of the worldwide utility-scale electricity storage (UES) technology industry and the market for associated storage technologies. More specifically, the study included the following objectives: (1) summarize existing UES technologies and promising emerging technologies that are under development; (2) evaluate the existing UES technology industry, focusing on the manufacturers and providers of major components for viable storage technologies; and (3) assess market potential for UES technologies over a 5-year period from 2010 through 2015.
 
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY
 
With the exception of the recent period immediately following the global economic turndown, global demand for electricity is expected to continue to increase through at least the next two decades. However, much of the world’s electricity generation industry is in the midst of a turning point. In support of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction regulations and industry trends, the electricity generation sector is in the process of transitioning generally away from coal- and oil-fired electricity production, and toward the installation of increasing proportions of renewables. However, many renewable energy resources are intermittent in nature: Solar cells only generate electricity when the sun is shining, and wind turbines only generate power when sufficient wind is blowing. To meet consumer electricity demand, which is often not aligned with available renewable power production capacity, very large-scale energy storage technologies are needed.
 
The purpose of this report is to provide a regional assessment of the UES market potential, as well as existing and projected future market sizes. This is an important scope, because UES markets vary substantially based on regional characteristics and on the technology in question. Two UES technologies, compressed air energy storage (CAES) and pumped hydrologic storage (PHS) are considered in this report, because these two technologies are capable of storing sufficient energy to be relevant at the utility scale — hundreds to thousands of megawatts (MWs) generation capacity. Pumped hydrologic storage and compressed air energy storage require substantially different geologic and climatic conditions (sufficient topographic relief, land area, and water for PHS; and sufficient subsurface geology for CAES). Within this context, this report identifies the basis and installation/market potential for UES demand in each region, within the 2010–2015 timeframe.
 
INTENDED AUDIENCE
 
This study reviews UES technologies, along with relevant market and production information, technological descriptions and issues, applications, and market factors and potential, and gives an overview of supporting incentives and regulations in major worldwide markets. This study will be of interest to current and potential manufacturers and suppliers of UES technologies and components, as well as venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial companies interested in entering or expanding into the UES technology sector. It will also be of interest to corporate planners and strategists, companies involved in the production of combustion turbines, hydro turbines, compressors, pumps, and other infrastructure required for the implementation of UES technologies, as well as other energy efficiency advocacy groups, and other public- and private-sector interest groups and market analysts.
 
SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY
 
The scope of this investigation includes the major viable UES technologies that are currently being implemented in the power generation industry. These technologies are implemented to temporarily store electricity during periods of available generation capacity, for subsequent use during periods of increased demand, in support of load leveling and grid balancing. The energy storage technologies discussed in this report are increasingly deployed in support of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, which frequently generate power outside of peak demand periods. In these cases, UES technologies can facilitate delivery of renewable power to end users during periods of high and peak use, in support of utility level regulations and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction strategies, which are increasingly common in the global electricity market.
 
Installation and operation of UES technologies can include various products and components such as injection pumps, wellheads, compressors, expanders, gas turbines, hydro turbines, dams, centrifugal pumps, and a suite of other equipment and facilities. Other important requirements for installation of UES technologies may include, depending upon the specific technology employed, sufficient geological resources such as subterranean caves, aquifers, or abandoned/sealed mine shafts, or surface features such as an existing reservoir or reservoir site, typically located in areas of high topographical relief, and frequently including substantial biological and other natural resources. Although substantial amounts of water and air may be required for operation of UES technologies, these specific requirements are not considered UES products within this report, because they are supplied at relatively little to zero direct cost, unlike mechanical and other components, which must be purchased separately.
 
The market analysis provided in this report is based on a variety of data sources. These include the most recent government, industry, and academic data regarding the projected level of demand for utility-scale electricity storage technologies that could potentially translate into UES projects. These data were supplemented with an evaluation of major EOR projects that have been announced, or that are currently being proposed. Therefore, this report provides a comprehensive review of available data to provide a realistic, robust, and accurate assessment of this quickly changing market.
 
Emerging UES technologies anticipated to be commercially viable within the next 5 years are summarized, but are not included in the market assessment of this report. This study analyzes each major viable utility-scale energy storage technology, determines its current market status, examines its impact on future markets, and presents forecasts of growth over the next 5 years. Technological issues, including the latest trends, are assessed and discussed, as are the current and likely regulatory environments in support of this industry.

Highlights of the report:

•The total global utility-scale electricity storage (UES) market is valued at nearly $4 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach $18.5 billion by 2015, at a 5-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 36.6%.

•Total UES market volume is lead by the Asian/Australian market, which will surpass $7 billion annually by 2015, an increase over the 2010 value of $2.7 billion, reflecting a 5-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.7%.

•The most significant jump in UES markets is expected in the North American market, which is anticipated to leap from a 2010 market size of $272 million to more than $6 billion by 2015, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 86.2%.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES . 1
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY  1
INTENDED AUDIENCE  2
SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY  2
WORLDWIDE MARKETS . 3
TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS
STUDY . 4
METHODOLOGY . 4
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES . 5
INFORMATION SOURCES . 5
ANALYST CREDENTIALS  5
RELATED REPORTS . 6
BCC ONLINE SERVICES  6
DISCLAIMER . 6

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY
SUMMARY  7
SUMMARY TABLE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGY SALES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  8
SUMMARY FIGURE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  8

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 
TABLE 1 UES TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT
(MW) . 9
WHAT ARE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES?  9
WHAT ARE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY …(CONTINUED)  10
BRIEF HISTORY  11
COSTS AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY . 12
PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE . 12
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE . 13
BENEFITS OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES  14
GRID BENEFITS . 14
Load Leveling. 15
FIGURE 1 STYLIZED REPRESENTATION OF A DAILY LOAD CURVE . 16
Capacity Factor/Dispatch for Intermittent Renewables  16
Peaking Power Support . 17
OFFSET OF NEEDED PEAKING POWER GENERATION
CAPACITY  18
OFFSET OF NEEDED RENEWABLE GENERATION
CAPACITY  19
ECONOMIC BENEFITS 20
Energy Arbitrage . 20
Investment Deferral  20
RENEWABLE ENERGY DISPATCH AND TIMING BENEFITS
(ABILITY TO MEET RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS,
ETC.)  20
Renewable Energy Dispatch and…(Continued) . 21
FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF OFFSET RENEWABLE GENERATION: WIND
GENERATION PROFILE FOR CALIFORNIA (MW)  22
DRAWBACKS OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES  22
PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS AND LAND REQUIREMENTS . 23
WATER USE  23
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. 24
ENERGY LOSS DURING STORAGE . 25
ECONOMIC RISK  25
DESCRIPTION OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS  26
PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE . 26
FIGURE 3 SALINA (OKLAHOMA) PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT . 27
FIGURE 4 PHS SYSTEM UTILIZES SEAWATER, OKINAWA, JAPAN  28
FIGURE 5 EXCAVATED PHS CONCEPT . 29
Pumps and Turbines . 29
FIGURE 6 CROSS SECTION OF A REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE  30
FIGURE 7 REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE DURING ASSEMBLY . 31
FIGURE 8 GENERATOR FOR A REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE  31
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE . 32
FIGURE 9 HUNTORF CAES  33
FIGURE 10 MCINTOSH CAES  33
Compressed Air Energy Storage…(Continued)  34
FIGURE 11 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A CAES SYSTEM  35
Air Compressors  35
FIGURE 12 AXIAL AIR COMPRESSOR (LEFT) AND RADIAL AIR
COMPRESSOR (RIGHT)  36
Intercoolers and Aftercoolers  36
Recuperators  37
Expanders  37
FIGURE 13 AIR EXPANDER  38
Gas Turbine . 38
FIGURE 14 STANDARD GAS TURBINE WITH COMPRESSOR
SECTION . 39
Generators . 39
FIGURE 15 MCINTOSH GAS TURBINE (BOTTOM), GENERATOR
(TOP), AND EXHAUST (RIGHT) . 40
UTILITY APPLICATIONS . 40
TABLE 2 UTILITY APPLICATIONS OF PHS AND CAES  41
EMERGING UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES  41
FIGURE 16 COMPARISON OF PHS, CAES, AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES  42
OVERVIEW OF SMALL-SCALE AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES . 42
CAES Heat Storage and Advanced Adiabatic CAES . 43
Lead-Acid Batteries . 43
Lithium-Ion Batteries . 43
Sodium-Sulfur Battery Systems . 44
Vanadium Redox Battery Systems . 44
Zinc-Bromine Battery Systems . 44
Ultracapacitors  44
Flywheels . 44
REVIEW OF RELEVANT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND
POTENTIAL FOR MARKET READINESS . 45
FIGURE 17 COMPARISON OF PHS, CAES, AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES  45
Review of Relevant … (Continued) . 46

CHAPTER FOUR: REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES FOR CAES AND PHS ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 
REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 47
UNITED STATES REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES . 48
FEDERAL . 49
U.S. Internal Revenue Service  49
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit . 49
TABLE 3 RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TAX CREDIT:
IN-SERVICE DEADLINE 2013 (¢/KWH)  50
Qualifying Advanced Energy Manufacturing
Investment Tax Credit  50
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds  51
Clean Renewable … (Continued)  52
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds . 53
U.S. Department of the Treasury . 54
Renewable Energy Grants  54
U.S. Department of Energy . 55
Green Power Purchasing Goal . 55
Loan Guarantee Program . 56
Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee
Program . 56
Temporary Loan Guarantee Program  57
Smart Grid Investment Grant Program  58
Initiative to Expand Hydropower . 59
Renewable Electricity Production Incentive  59
U.S. Department of Agriculture  60
USDA Rural Energy for America Program —
Grants and Loan Guarantees . 60
SELECT STATE-LEVEL STANDARDS AND INCENTIVES . 61
Alaska  62
Renewable Energy Grant Recommendation
Program . 62
Arizona . 63
Renewable Energy Business Tax Incentive . 63
Property Tax Assessment for Renewable Energy
Property . 64
Renewable Energy Standard  65
TABLE 4 ARIZONA RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED
RENEWABLE QUOTAS (RETAIL ELECTRICAL LOAD % [% OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY QUOTA]) . 66
California . 67
Renewable Portfolio Standard  67
Renewable … (Continued) . 68
Renewable … (Continued) . 69
Colorado . 70
Renewable Energy Property Tax Assessment . 70
TABLE 5 2009 COLORADO RENEWABLE ENERGY PROPERTY TAX
ASSESSMENT COST THRESHOLD VALUES ($/KW) . 70
New Energy Economic Development Grant
Program . 71
Renewable Energy Standard  72
Requirement for Investor-Owned Utilities  72
TABLE 6 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD
QUOTAS FOR INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES, 2007–2020 AND
BEYOND  73
Distributed Generation Carve-out (Investor-
Owned Utilities Only)  73
TABLE 7 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD
QUOTAS FOR WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION OR
RETAIL DG CARVE-OUT, 2011–2020 AND BEYOND (%)  73
Requirement for Cooperatives and Municipal
Utilities 73
TABLE 8 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD
QUOTAS FOR ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES AND MUNICIPAL
UTILITIES, 2008–2020 AND BEYOND (%) . 74
Credit Multipliers  74
Hawaii  75
Farm and Aquaculture Alternative Energy Loan . 75
High Technology Business Investment Tax Credit . 76
Renewable Energy Project Bond Program . 77
Iowa  77
Alternative Energy Law (AEL)  77
Energy Replacement Generation Tax Exemption . 78
Maine . 79
Renewable Portfolio Standard  79
TABLE 9 MAINE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD CLASS I
STANDARD SCHEDULE, 2008–2017 AND BEYOND (%) . 80
Maine Wind Energy Goals  80
Maryland  81
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard . 81
TABLE 10 MARYLAND RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO
STANDARD COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS, 2006–2022 AND
BEYOND (%)  82
Renewable … (Continued) . 83
Renewable … (Continued) . 84
Michigan  85
Renewable Energy Standard  85
TABLE 11 MICHIGAN RENEWABLE ENERGY STANDARD, ANNUAL
BENCHMARKS, 2012–2015  86
Renewable …(Continued)  87
Renewable …(Continued)  88
New Mexico  89
Interconnection Standards . 89
New York . 90
Renewable, Clean Energy and Energy Efficient
Product Manufacturing Incentive Program . 90
Renewable, (Continued)  91
Oklahoma . 92
Zero-Emission Facilities Production Tax Credit . 92
Oregon  93
Business Energy Tax Credit . 93
Business … (Continued)  94
Business … (Continued)  95
Pennsylvania  96
DECD Alternative Clean Energy Program  96
DECD … (Continued)  97
Loans . 98
Grants . 98
Loan Guarantees  98
Texas  99
Austin — Renewables Portfolio Standard . 99
Renewable Generation Requirement . 100
TABLE 12 TEXAS RENEWABLE GENERATION REQUIREMENT
COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE, 2007–2015 (MW) . 101
Renewable … (Continued) . 102
Department of Rural Affairs — Renewable Energy
Demonstration Pilot Program . 103
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND
INCENTIVES: EUROPE  104
European Union . 104
EU Climate and Energy Package: Renewable
Energy Targets  104
An Energy Policy for Europe  105
European Council Action Plan (2007–2009) Energy
Policy for Europe . 106
Seventh Framework Program for Research and
Technological Development . 107
TABLE 13 ENERGY RESEARCH UNDER FP7  107
Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Toward a Low
Carbon Future . 108
Directive on the Taxation of Energy Products and
Electricity . 108
Austria . 109
Klima: Aktiv Program  109
Targets for Renewables: 2007–2010 Government
Program . 110
Belgium  110
Offshore Domanial Concessions for Wind and
Ocean Energy Production  110
Offshore Wind Plant in the North Sea . 111
Federal Green Certificate Scheme . 111
Flanders: Green Certificate Scheme: . 112
Wallonia: Green Certificate Scheme: . 112
Denmark  113
Energy Research Programme . 113
Electricity Supply Act . 113
Subsidies for Renewable Electricity Generation . 114
Replacement Scheme for Wind Turbines on Land  115
Agreement on Danish Energy Policy 2008–2011  116
Promotion of Renewable Energy Act  117
Feed-in Premium Tariffs for Renewable Power  118
Feed-in …(Continued) . 119
France  120
Wind Energy Programme . 120
Electricity Law 2000 . 120
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Partnership  120
Hydropower Revival Plan . 121
Germany . 122
Green Power  122
Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-
Energien-Gesetz EEG) 2004 . 123
Renewable Energy …(Continued)  124
2009 Amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources
Act  125
KfW Renewable Energies Program (KfWProgramme
Erneuerbare Energien) . 126
Greece . 126
Development Incentives for Renewable Energy
Sources . 126
Italy  127
RES Promotion — Decrees Implementing Directive
2001/77/EC . 127
Portugal  128
Wave Energy Pilot Zone . 128
Renewable Feed-in Tariffs  128
Spain  128
Offshore Wind Power Regulations . 128
Feed-in Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable
Energy Sources  129
New Regulatory Framework for Administrative
Procedures for Renewable Energy Facilities  130
Cabinet of Ministers Ruling for Wind and Solar
Thermal Electric Energy Quotas  130
United Kingdom  131
Renewable Energy Strategy 2009  131
Offshore Wind Capitol Grants Scheme  132
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND
INCENTIVES: ASIA AND AUSTRALIA . 133
Australia  133
Renewable Energy Target  133
Clean Energy Program . 133
Renewable Energy Demonstration Program . 134
Improving Grid Accessibility  134
China  135
Preferential Tax Policies for Renewable Energy . 135
Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for
Renewable Energy . 135
Wind Power Concession Programme . 136
India . 137
Indonesia  137
National Energy Blueprint . 137
New Zealand  138
Marine Energy Deployment Fund . 138
Thailand . 138
Strategic Plan for Renewable Energy Development . 138

CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION . 139
FIGURE 18 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FOR
PROCUREMENT/INSTALLATION OF PHS AND CAES
TECHNOLOGIES  140
UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE DEVELOPERS  140
ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
CONTRACTORS . 141
COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND FABRICATORS . 142
CONSTRUCTION AND PROCUREMENT CONTRACTORS . 142
RAW MATERIALS PRODUCERS  143
GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 143
NORTH AMERICA  143
Industry Trends . 143
FIGURE 19 CUMULATIVE TOTAL PHS INSTALLATIONS IN THE
UNITED STATES, BY CAPACITY (MW) . 144
Major Industry Players . 145
TABLE 14 MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN UES COMPONENT
MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS . 146
Major North American UES Industry Facets  146
EUROPE . 147
Industry Trends . 147
Industry Trends (Continued)  148
FIGURE 20 PHS INSTALLATIONS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES,
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW) AND PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL GENERATION CAPACITY AS PHS (%)  149
Major Industry Players . 149
TABLE 15 MAJOR EUROPEAN UES COMPONENT
MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS . 150
Major European UES Industry Facets . 150
ASIA AND AUSTRALIA  151
Industry Trends . 151
FIGURE 21 CUMULATIVE TOTAL PHS INSTALLATIONS IN CHINA,
BY CAPACITY (MW) . 152
Major Industry Players . 152
TABLE 16 MAJOR ASIAN UES COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS
AND ENGINEERS  153
Major European UES Industry Facets . 153
UES INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS  154
TABLE 17 MAJOR UES INDUSTRY GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS  154

CHAPTER SIX: COMPANY PROFILES
PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS  155
TURBINES . 155
ABB, Ltd. . 155
North American Corporate Headquarters . 155
TABLE 18 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ABB, LTD.  156
Alstom Hydro S.L. . 157
Alstom Power, Inc.  157
TABLE 19 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALSTOM HYDRO S.L.  158
American Hydro . 158
TABLE 20 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AMERICAN HYDRO . 159
Andritz Hydro GmbH  159
Andritz Hydro Corp. . 160
TABLE 21 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANDRITZ HYDRO GMBH  161
Ansaldo Energia  161
Milano Offices . 161
TABLE 22 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANSALDO ENERGIA . 162
B. Maier Wasserkraft GmbH Anlagenbau . 162
TABLE 23 COMPANY OVERVIEW: B. MAIER WASSERKRAFT . 163
Bharat Heavy Electricals, Ltd. . 164
TABLE 24 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS,
LTD.  165
Chongqing Lisong Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.  165
TABLE 25 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHONGQING LISONG
ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.  166
Converteam Group SAS  166
Converteam, Inc. . 166
Converteam Electric Machinery . 166
TABLE 26 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CONVERTEAM GROUP SAS  167
Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd. . 167
Dongfang — USA  168
TABLE 27 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DONGFANG ELECTRIC CORP.  168
Ebara Corp.  169
Ebara America Corp.  169
TABLE 28 COMPANY OVERVIEW: EBARA CORP. . 170
Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. . 170
Gilkes, Inc.  170
TABLE 29 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GILBERT GILKES & GORDON,
LTD.  171
Global Hydro Energy GmbH . 171
TABLE 30 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GLOBAL HYDRO ENERGY GMBH  172
Gugler Water Turbines GmbH  173
TABLE 31 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GUGLER WATER TURBINES
GMBH . 173
Harbin Electric Machinery Co., Ltd.  174
Harbin Electric, Inc. . 174
TABLE 32 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HARBIN ELECTRIC MACHINERY
CO., LTD. 175
Hitachi, Ltd. Power Systems Co.  175
Hitachi Power and Industrial Systems Division . 175
Hitachi Power Systems America  175
TABLE 33 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HITACHI, LTD. POWER SYSTEMS
CO.  176
Hunan Lingling Hengyuan Generating Equipment Co.,
Ltd.  177
TABLE 34 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HUNAN LINGLING HENGYUAN
GENERATING EQUIPMENT CO., LTD 178
Hyundai Ideal Electric Co.  178
TABLE 35 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HYUNDAI IDEAL ELECTRIC CO.  179
IMPSA International, Inc. . 179
USA — IMPSA International . 179
TABLE 36 COMPANY OVERVIEW: IMPSA INTERNATIONAL, INC. . 180
Ingeteam Energy, SA. 180
Ingeteam Energy, SA  181
TABLE 37 COMPANY OVERVIEW: INGETEAM ENERGY SA . 182
JSC Turboengineering-Ruselprom 182
Ruselprom Trade Office  182
TABLE 38 COMPANY OVERVIEW: JSC TURBOENGINEERINGRUSELPROM
 183
Kirloskar Brothers, Ltd.  183
Kirloskar Brothers, LLC . 183
TABLE 39 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KIRLOSKAR BROTHERS, LTD. . 184
Litostroj Power d.o.o. . 185
Litostroj Power — Litostroj Hydro, Inc. . 185
TABLE 40 COMPANY OVERVIEW: LITOSTROJ POWER D.O.O.  186
MarelliMotori . 186
Marelli USA, Inc.  186
TABLE 41 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MARELLIMOTORI S.P.A . 187
Mavel a.s. . 187
Mavel a.s.  187
TABLE 42 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAVEL A.S. . 188
Meidensha Corp.  188
Meiden America, Inc.  189
TABLE 43 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MEIDENSHA CORP.  189
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.  190
Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. . 190
TABLE 44 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
& MISUBISHI ELECTRIC . 191
OJSC Power Machines  191
TABLE 45 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OJSC POWER MACHINES  192
OJSC Turboatom . 192
TABLE 46 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OJSC TURBOATOM . 193
Orengine International, Ltd. . 194
TABLE 47 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OREGINE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. . 194
Ossberger GmbH + Co.  195
Ossberger Turbines, Inc.  195
TABLE 48 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OSSBERGER GMBH + CO  196
Parsons Peebles Generation, Ltd. . 196
TABLE 49 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PARSONS PEEBLES
GENERATION, LTD.  197
Rainpower Norway AS  197
TABLE 50 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RAINPOWER NORWAY AS . 198
Reivax Automação e Controle S/A  199
Reivax North America, LLC . 199
TABLE 51 COMPANY OVERVIEW: REIVAX S/A AUTOMACAO
CONTROLE . 200
Rittmeyer AG . 200
U.S. Sales Office  200
TABLE 52 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RITTMEYER AG . 201
Sicmemotori SpA . 201
North American Business Manager . 201
TABLE 53 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SICMEMOTORI SPA  202
SPP Pumps  203
SPP Pumps, Inc.  203
TABLE 54 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SPP PUMPS  204
Sundyne Corp. . 204
TABLE 55 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SUNDYNE CORP. . 205
TES Vsetin a.s.  205
U.S. Sales Agent . 205
TABLE 56 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TES VSETIN . 206
Toshiba Hydro Power  206
Toshiba Hydro Power . 207
TABLE 57 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TOSHIBA POWER SYSTEMS CO.  208
Tyco Flow Control — Tamar Designs . 208
TABLE 58 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TYCO TAMAR DESIGNS . 209
UCM Resita Turbines  209
TABLE 59 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UCM RESITA SA  210
VAP Hydro EOOD . 211
TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VAP HYDRO EOOD  212
Voith Hydro GmbH + Co. KG  212
Peak Hydro Services, Inc. . 212
TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VOITH HYDRO GMBH CO. KG . 213
Wasserkraft Volk AG . 213
TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WASSERKRAFT VOLK AG  214
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE PRODUCTS AND
SYSTEMS  215
ALMIG KOMPRESSOREN GMBH . 215
ALMiG USA Corp. . 215
TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALMIG KOMPRESSOREN GMBH  216
ALSTOM POWER  216
U.S. Sales . 216
TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALSTOM POWER . 217
ANSALDO ENERGIA  217
Milano Offices  218
TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANSALDO ENERGIA . 219
API HEAT TRANSFER, INC.  219
TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW: API HEAT TRANSFER, INC. . 220
ATLAS COPCO GAS AND PROCESS GMBH . 220
Atlas Copco Compressors, Inc.  220
TABLE 67 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ATLAS COPCO GAS AND
PROCESS . 221
BAUER COMP HOLDING GMBH  221
Bauer Compressors, Inc. . 222
TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BAUER COMPRESSORS . 223
BRAYTON ENERGY, LLC  223
TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BRAYTON ENERGY . 224
BTEC TURBINES, LP . 224
TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BTEC TUBINES, LP . 225
DRESSER-RAND . 225
TABLE 71 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND  226
ELLIOTT CO. . 227
Ebara Corp.  227
TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ELLIOTT CO.  228
GE ENERGY  228
TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GE ENERGY  229
MAN DIESEL & TURBO SE . 229
MAN Diesel PrimeServ . 229
TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN DIESEL & TURBO SE . 230
PARKER HANNIFIN . 230
TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PARKER HANNIFIN  231
R&D DYNAMICS CORP. . 231
TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW: R&D DYNAMICS CORP.  232
SIEMENS ENERGY  233
TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS ENERGY . 234
SOLAR TURBINES, INC.  234
TABLE 78 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SOLAR TURBINES, INC.  235
SOLARCAT, INC. . 235
TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SOLARCAT, INC.  236
SSS GEARS  236
SSS Clutch Co., Inc. . 236
TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SSS GEARS, LTD.  237
STRUTHERS WELLS  238
TABLE 81 COMPANY OVERVIEW: STRUTHERS WELLS . 239
SUSTAINX . 239
TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SUSTAINX, INC. . 240

CHAPTER SEVEN: MAJOR MARKETS AND TRENDS IN PRICE AND PERFORMANCE
REGIONAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS  241
UES MARKET PREREQUISITES . 242
TABLE 83 PREREQUISITES FOR UES TRACTION IN REGIONAL
MARKETS  243
DEMAND FOR UES TECHNOLOGIES . 243
INFRASTRUCTURE SUFFICIENCY . 243
SITING CONSIDERATIONS  244
GLOBAL MARKET CENTERS  245
NORTH AMERICA  245
TABLE 84 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA
(MW) . 246
TABLE 85 FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION PHS
PERMITTING ACTIVITY SINCE 2007 (MW) . 247
FIGURE 22 LOCATIONS OF SELECT PROPOSED PHS PROJECTS  248
TABLE 86 NORTH AMERICAN CAES PROPOSED CAES PROJECTS
SINCE 2007 (MW)  249
Key Drivers for the North American Market . 249
FIGURE 23 CO-OCCURRENCE OF WIND RESOURCES AND
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO CAES  250
Growth Potential for the North American Market  251
North American Market Projected Trends . 252
North American … (Continued) . 253
TABLE 87 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN PHS NEW CAPACITY
AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 254
FIGURE 24 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN PHS MARKET SIZES,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 254
TABLE 88 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN CAES NEW CAPACITY
AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 255
FIGURE 25 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN CAES MARKET SIZES,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 256
PHS Storage/Appurtenances  256
EUROPE . 256
TABLE 89 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN EUROPE (MW) . 257
TABLE 89 (CONTINUED)  258
Europe (Continued) . 259
TABLE 90 ANNOUNCED EUROPEAN PHS PROJECTS (MW) . 260
FIGURE 26 ANNOUNCED EUROPEAN PHS CAPACITY, BY COUNTRY
(MW) . 261
TABLE 91 EUROPEAN CAES ANNOUNCED CAES PROJECTS SINCE
2007 (MW)  262
Key Drivers for the European Market  262
Key Drivers …(Continued) . 263
FIGURE 27 CO-OCCURRENCE OF WIND RESOURCES AND
GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO CAES  264
Growth Potential for the European Market . 264
European Market Projected Trends  265
European Market … (Continued) . 266
TABLE 92 PROJECTED EUROPEAN PHS NEW CAPACITY AND
MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  267
FIGURE 28 PROJECTED EUROPEAN PHS MARKET SIZES,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 267
TABLE 93 PROJECTED EUROPEAN CAES NEW CAPACITY AND
MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  268
FIGURE 29 PROJECTED EUROPEAN CAES MARKET SIZES, 2008-
2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 269
ASIA/AUSTRALIA . 269
TABLE 94 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN ASIA AND
AUSTRALIA (MW) . 270
Asia/Australia (Continued) . 271
TABLE 95 ANNOUNCED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS PROJECTS (MW)  272
Key Drivers for the Asian/Australian Market  273
Key Drivers … (Continued)  274
FIGURE 30 OCCURRENCE OF SALT FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO
CAES  275
Growth Potential for the Asian/Australian Market . 275
Asian/Australian Market Projected Trends . 276
TABLE 96 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS NEW CAPACITY
AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 277
FIGURE 31 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS MARKET SIZES,
2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 278
TABLE 97 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN CAES NEW CAPACITY
AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 279
FIGURE 32 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN CAES MARKET
SIZES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 279
OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL UES TECHNOLOGY MARKET AND
REGIONAL COMPARISON . 280
TABLE 98 GLOBAL PHS MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL COMPARISON,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 281
FIGURE 33 GLOBAL PHS MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL
COMPARISON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)  281
TABLE 99 GLOBAL CAES MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL
COMPARISON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS)  282
FIGURE 34 GLOBAL CAES MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL
COMPARISON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 282
TABLE 100 TOTAL PROJECTED UES NEW CAPACITY, THROUGH
2015 (MW)  283
FIGURE 35 TOTAL PROJECTED UES NEW CAPACITY, 2008-2015
(MW) . 283
TABLE 101 TOTAL PROJECTED UES MARKET SIZES, THROUGH
2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 283
FIGURE 36 TOTAL PROJECTED UES MARKET SIZES, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS)  284
APPENDIX I  285
CURRENCY CODES  285
ABBREVIATIONS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT  285
ACRONYMS  285
ACRONYMS (CONTINUED)  286
ACRONYMS (CONTINUED)  287
APPENDIX II . 288
REFERENCES  288