Electric Vehicle and Fuel Cell Power Sources: Technologies and Global Markets

Global electric vehicle power sources market 

This report details the actuals for 2009 and 2013 and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) projections for 2014 through 2019 for the North American, European, Far Eastern, and Rest-of-World markets. Power source sales and values are provided under consensus, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. A patent analysis and discussion of power sources and vehicle components describes where research is performed and emphasizes intellectual property issues.

Vehicle power sources include the following:

• Internal combustion (gasoline, diesel, alternative fuels).
• Batteries (mainly lead-acid, nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion, along with advanced and developmental systems).
• Fuel cells (mainly proton exchange membrane fuel cells, as well as some other advanced fuel cell options).
• Exotic (capacitive energy storage, flywheel energy storage).

Of course, these power sources can be combined into various vehicle configurations:

• Hybrid electric vehicles.
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
• Electric vehicles.

Specific types of vehicles using these batteries include:

• Passenger vehicles.
• Low-velocity.
• Scooters and motorcycles.
• Buses.
• Commercial /industrial.
• Niche.

These market sectors are defined, leading companies are identified and the markets analyzed (including a 5-year market forecast). Finally, status and recent events for power source maker companies are provided in the Company Profiles section.

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

The global electric vehicle power sources market totaled roughly $11.9 billion in 2013 at the manufacturers’ level. This market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.1% between 2014 and 2019 under a consensus scenario. This will result in nearly $12.4 billion in 2014 and $20.9 billion global market in 2019.

This report provides:

• An overview of the global market for power sources for electric vehicles including battery-powered vehicles, fuel cell-powered vehicles, and hybrid vehicles.
• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2013, estimates for 2014, and projections of CAGRs through 2019. Both value and units shipped are provided.
• Information on power sources including lead-acid, nickel metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
• Optimistic, consensus, and pessimistic market prediction scenarios when appropriate.
• Detailed profiles of leading companies in the industry.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION - Complimentary     

    STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
    REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
    INTENDED AUDIENCE
    SCOPE OF REPORT
    METHODOLOGY
    INFORMATION SOURCES
    ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS
    DISCLAIMER

Chapter 2: SUMMARY     

Chapte 3: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

    INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: OVERVIEW
        OVERVIEW: TYPES OF POWER SOURCES
            Internal Combustion Power Sources
            Battery Power Sources
            Fuel Cell Power Sources
            Exotic Power Sources
            Hybrid Power Sources
        OVERVIEW: VEHICLE TYPES
    INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: MARKET TRENDS
        GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
            Pollution Abatement
            Electric Utility Efficiency
            Promotion of Domestic Energy Sources
            Maintaining Technological Competitiveness through Subsidies and Incentives
                U.S. and State EV Battery Incentives and Subsidies
                U.S. and State EV Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
                Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Battery Material and Component Simulations
                EV Everywhere Grand Challenge
                Canadian EV Battery and Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
                Chinese EV Battery and Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
                Indian EV Battery and Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
                Japanese EV Battery and Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
                European EV Battery and Fuel Cell Incentives and Subsidies
            Indirect Incentives for EVs
                CAFE and Other Fuel Efficiency Standards
                Carbon Taxes
                        Table 5 : INTERNATIONAL CARBON TAX STATUS
                U.S. Federal and State Fuel Tax Scenarios and Their Impact on Power Sources
        HEV AND EV BATTERY SAFETY ISSUES
            Lithium-ion Battery Stability Issues
            Fullerene Toxicity Issues
        MARKET DRIVERS
            Passenger Vehicle Market Drivers
            Low-Velocity Vehicle Market Drivers
            Scooter Market Drivers
            Bus Market Drivers
            Industrial/Commercial Vehicle Market Drivers
            Niche Vehicle Market Drivers
            HEV Market Drivers
            PHEV Market Drivers
            Pure EV Market Drivers
            Battery-Powered Vehicle Market Drivers
            Fuel Cell-Powered Vehicle Market Drivers
            Exotic Energy Storage Market Drivers
        MARKET DRIVER SUMMARY
        BASIS FOR FORECAST SCENARIOS
        PRICING TRENDS
            EV, PHEV and HEV Pricing Model
            HEV Battery Pricing Model
            EV Battery Pricing Model
    INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: MARKET ORGANIZATION
        LEADING EV POWER SOURCE MAKERS
            Leading Lead-Acid Power Source Makers
            Leading Nickel Metal Hydride Power Source Makers
            Leading Lithium-Ion Power Source Makers
            Leading Exotic Energy Storage Power Source Makers
            Leading Fuel Cell Power Source Maker
        INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: THE MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY PROCESS
            The Potential of 3D Printing EV Power Source Components
            Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Simulation Tools
    INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: PATENT TENSION
        THE HISTORY OF THE NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SUITE
        UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, HYDRO QUEBEC, NTT AND OTHERS
        VALENCE VERSUS PHOSTECH LITHIUM AND HYDRO QUÉBEC
        3M, SONY, LENOVO AND PANASONIC
        AN EXCEPTION: TESLA'S EV BATTERY PORTFOLIO GOES "OPEN SOURCE"
        FUEL CELL PATENT DISPUTES AND ISSUES
    INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: GLOBALIZATION
        GLOBAL MARKET FORCES
        GLOBAL CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Chapter 4: POWER SOURCES

    POWER SOURCE ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS
    BATTERIES
        BATTERY EV POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS AND SCENARIO ASSUMPTIONS
        LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
            State of the Art and Recent Developments
                Firefly Energy Composite Foam
                KFOAM Mesophase Pitch
                Next Alternative Carbon Nanotube Lead-Acid and Lithium Battery
                Axion Power Lead-Carbon (PbC)
            Lead-acid Battery Companies
            Lead-Acid Battery Market Summary
        NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES
        LITHIUM-ION AND LITHIUM-POLYMER BATTERIES
            Lithium-Ion Compared with Lithium-Ion Polymer
            Lithium-Ion as Smart Batteries
            State of the Art and Recent Developments
            Lithium-ion Battery Companies
            Lithium-ion Battery Market Summary
        DEVELOPMENTAL EV BATTERIES
            Metal Air Batteries
            Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries
            Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
            Nickel Hydrogen Batteries
            Nickel-Zinc Batteries
            Redox Flow Batteries
            Molten Salt Batteries
    FUEL CELLS
        PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS
        ALKALINE FUEL CELLS
        SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
            SOFC Recreational Vehicle Power
            SOFC Anti-Idling APUs
        FORMIC ACID REFORMING FUEL CELL
        FUEL CELL COMPANIES
        FUEL CELL POWER SOURCE DRIVERS AND SCENARIO ASSUMPTIONS
        EV FUEL CELL MARKET SUMMARY
    EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE
        CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE
            State of the Art and Recent Developments
                Ioxus
                Maxwell Technologies
                Kemet
            Capacitive Energy Storage Companies
        FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
            State of the Art and Recent Developments
            Flywheel Energy Storage Companies
        CAPACITIVE AND FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE MARKET DRIVERS AND SCENARIO ASSUMPTIONS
                Table 62 : EXOTIC POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS
                Table 63 : CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC EXOTIC POWER SOURCE VEHICLE SCENARIOS
        CAPACITIVE AND FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE MARKET SUMMARY
    EV POWER SOURCE MARKETS
        EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY TYPE
        EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE
        EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY CONFIGURATION
        EV POWER SOURCE MARKETS BY REGION

Chapter 5: COMPANY PROFILES: EV POWER SOURCE COMPANIES     

    A123 SYSTEMS (WANXIANG AMERICA)
    ACAL ENERGY LTD
    AC DELCO
    ACTACELL (CONTOUR ENERGY)
    ADVANCED BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES INC. (ABAT)
    ALL POWER BATTERY
    AMPRIUS
    ANZODE
    APOLLO ENERGY SYSTEMS
    AROTECH CORP.
    ATLANTIC BATTERY CO.
    AUTOMOTIVE FUEL CELL COOPERATION CORP.
    AXANE
    AXION POWER INTERNATIONAL INC.
    BASF BATTERY MATERIALS
    BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS
    BATTERY BUILDERS INC. (BBI)
    BATTERY SYSTEMS INC.
    B.B. BATTERY
    BELL CITY BATTERIES
    BOLLORE GROUP
    BOSTON-POWER
    BYD COMPANY LIMITED
    CHINA BAK BATTERY INC.
    CONTINENTAL CORP.
    CROWN BATTERY MANUFACTURING CO.
    CSB BATTERY (CBS)
    DANA CANADA CORP.
    DAIMLER
    DELTRAN BATTERY TENDER
    DOUGLAS BATTERY MANUFACTURING CO.
    DYNACELL CORP.
    DYNO BATTERY INC.
    EAST PENN MANUFACTURING CO. (DEKA BATTERIES)
    ECOLOCAP SOLUTIONS
    ELECTROVAYA (ELECTROFUEL)
    ENER1 INC. (ENERDEL)
    ENERIZE CORP. (FIFE BATTERIES)
    ENERSYS INC.
    ENVIA SYSTEMS INC.
    ERRA INC.
    EVEREXCEED INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD.
    EXIDE TECHNOLOGIES (GNB MOTIVE POWER)
    FARASIS ENERGY
    FIAMM TECHNOLOGIES INC.
    FIREFLY INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CO.
    FLUIDIC ENERGY
    FLUX POWER
    FURUKAWA BATTERY CO.
    GENERAL MOTORS
    GOLDEN ENERGY FUEL CELL CO. LTD.
    GP BATTERIES (GOLD PEAK INTERNATIONAL)
    HITACHI MAXELL CORP.
    HONDA
    HONG KONG HIGHPOWER TECHNOLOGY
    HORIZON FUEL CELLS
    HYB BATTERY CO. LTD. (HUA-YUE-BAO BATTERY)
    HYDROGENICS CORP.
    INDUSTRIAL BATTERY ENGINEERING
    INDUSTRIAL BATTERY PRODUCTS
    INFINTIUM FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
    INTELLIGENT ENERGY
    INTERNATIONAL FUEL CELL BUS COLLABORATIVE
    IQ POWER AG
    IOXUS
    ITM POWER
    JOHNSON CONTROLS
    JOHNSON MATTHEY BATTERY SYSTEMS (AXEON).
    K2 ENERGY
    LG CHEMICAL
    LITHIUM TECHNOLOGY CORP. (LTC)
    MAGNA E-CAR SYSTEMS (MAGNA STEYR)
    MES-DEA SA
    MICROVAST POWER SYSTEMS LTD.
    MINING CORP. OF BOLIVIA (COMIBOL)
    MINMAX ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
    MITSUBISHI CORP.
    NAMIL BATTERY
    NEAH POWER SYSTEMS
    NEC CORP. (NEC ENERGY DEVICES LTD.)
    NEDSTACK PEM FUEL CELLS
    NEXCELL BATTERY CO.
    NISSAN MOTOR CO.
    NUVERA FUEL CELLS
    ODYNE SYSTEMS LLC
    OORJA PROTONICS INC.
    PALCAN FUEL CELLS LTD.
    PANASONIC
    PLUG POWER
    POLYPLUS BATTERY CO.
    POWERCELL SWEDEN AB (VOLVO)
    POWERGENIX
    POWER JAPAN PLUS
    PRIMEARTH EV ENERGY
    PROTON POWER SYSTEMS
    PROTONEX TECHNOLOGY CORP.
    QUALLION LLC (ENERSYS)
    SAFT
    SAKTI
    SAMSUNG SDI
    SHANGHAI SHENLI HIGH TECH CO. LTD.
    SION POWER
    SMART FUEL CELL AG (SFC)
    SONY CORP.
    STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS INC.
    SUPERIOR BATTERY MANUFACTURING
    SWIFT INDUSTRIAL POWER
    TIAX LLC
    TIANJIN LISHEN BATTERY JOINT-STOCK CO. LTD.
    TOSHIBA
    TOYOTA
    TROJAN BATTERY CO.
    UNIENERGY TECHNOLOGIES LLC
    U.S. BATTERY MANUFACTURING CO.
    VALENCE TECHNOLOGY INC.
    VARTA AUTOMOTIVE (JOHNSON CONTROLS)
    WINSTON BATTERY LIMITED
    XALT ENERGY LLV (DOW KOKAM)
    YARDNEY (LITHION, ENER-TEK)
    YUASA BATTERY INC. (YUASA BATTERY AMERICA INC., YUASA-EXIDE, GS YUASA)
    ZAF ENERGY SYSTEMS
    ZBB ENERGY CORP.
    ZENTRIC INC.
    ZTEK CORP.

 
List of Tables

    Summary Table 1 : SUMMARY: EV POWER SOURCE SHIPMENTS AND VALUE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Summary Table 2 : SUMMARY: EV POWER SOURCE SHIPMENTS, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 1 : ELECTRIC VEHICLE TYPES
    Table 2 : PROJECTED ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM PHEVS IN THE YEAR 2050
    Table 3 : PEAK NEW VEHICLE MARKET SHARE IN 2050 FOR THE THREE PHEV ADOPTION SCENARIOS
    Table 4 : EV EVERYWHERE GRAND CHALLENGE BEYOND LITHIUM-ION TECHNOLOGIES
    Table 5 : INTERNATIONAL CARBON TAX STATUS
    Table 6 : CURRENT FEDERAL MOTOR FUEL TAX RATES
    Table 7 : CURRENT STATE MOTOR FUEL TAX RATES
    Table 8 : VEHICLE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 9 : CONFIGURATION MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 10 : POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 11 : COMPARISON OF CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC, AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 12 : PRICE SURVEY BY CONFIGURATION
    Table 13 : PRICE SURVEY BY SPECIFIC 2014 EVS AND PHEVS
    Table 14 : EV POWER SOURCE MAKERS
    Table 15 : MAJOR EV LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MAKERS
    Table 16 : GENERIC BATTERY MANUFACTURING TREE
    Table 17 : REGIONAL MARKET FORCES AND CONSTRAINTS
    Table 18 : EV AND POWER SOURCE MAKERS BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
    Table 19 : POWER SOURCE ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS
    Table 20 : EV POWER SOURCE COMPARISON
    Table 21 : BATTERY ENERGY FOR 2014 EVS
    Table 22 : BATTERY POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 23 : CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC, AND PESSIMISTIC BATTERY-POWERED VEHICLE SCENARIOS
    Table 24 : LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY COMPANIES
    Table 25 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 26 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 27 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 28 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 29 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 30 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 31 : NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY COMPANIES
    Table 32 : OVONIC NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE TECHNOLOGY LICENSEES
    Table 33 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 34 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 35 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 36 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 37 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 38 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 39 : CONDUCTIVE POLYMER BATTERY ENERGY DENSITIES
    Table 40 : LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY COMPANIES
    Table 41 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 42 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 43 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 44 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 45 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 46 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 47 : DEVELOPMENTAL EV BATTERY COMPANIES
    Table 48 : BENEFITS COMPARISON OF POWER-GENIX (NIZN) HIGH DISCHARGE BATTERY
    Table 49 : EV FUEL CELL MAKERS
    Table 50 : FUEL CELL POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 51 : CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC, AND PESSIMISTIC FUEL CELL VEHICLE SCENARIOS
    Table 52 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 53 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 54 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 55 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 56 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO
    Table 57 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 58 : COMPARISON BETWEEN CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE AND LARGE ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE BATTERIES
    Table 59 : COMPARISON OF CAPACITOR, ULTRACAPACITOR AND BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS
    Table 60 : CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE COMPANIES
    Table 61 : EV FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM COMPANIES
    Table 62 : EXOTIC POWER SOURCE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 63 : CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC EXOTIC POWER SOURCE VEHICLE SCENARIOS
    Table 64 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 65 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 66 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 67 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 68 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 69 : GLOBAL EV EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 70 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 71 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 72 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 73 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 74 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 75 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 76 : PASSENGER VEHICLE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 77 : COMPARISON OF PASSENGER VEHICLE CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 78 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 79 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 80 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 81 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 82 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 83 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 84 : LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 85 : COMPARISON OF LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE CONSENSUS OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 86 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 87 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 88 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 89 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 90 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 91 : TOTAL GLOBAL LOW-VELOCITY VEHICLE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 92 : SCOOTER MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 93 : COMPARISON OF SCOOTER CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 94 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 95 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 96 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 97 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 98 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 99 : TOTAL GLOBAL SCOOTER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 100 : BUS MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 101 : COMPARISON OF BUS CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 102 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 103 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 104 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 105 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 106 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 107 : TOTAL GLOBAL BUS EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 108 : INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 109 : COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL /INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 110 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 111 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 112 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 113 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 114 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 115 : TOTAL GLOBAL COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 116 : NICHE VEHICLE MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 117 : COMPARISON OF NICHE VEHICLE CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 118 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 119 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 120 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 121 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 122 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 123 : TOTAL GLOBAL NICHE EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 124 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 125 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 126 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 127 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 128 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 129 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 130 : CONFIGURATION MARKET DRIVERS
    Table 131 : COMPARISON OF CONSENSUS, OPTIMISTIC AND PESSIMISTIC SCENARIOS
    Table 132 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 133 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 134 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 135 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (OPTIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 136 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 137 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, THROUGH 2019 (PESSIMISTIC SCENARIO)
    Table 138 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 139 : GLOBAL LEAD-ACID EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 140 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 141 : GLOBAL NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 142 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 143 : GLOBAL LITHIUM-ION EV BATTERY MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 144 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 145 : GLOBAL EV FUEL CELL MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 146 : GLOBAL EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 147 : GLOBAL EXOTIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 148 : TOTAL GLOBAL POWER STORAGE MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 149 : TOTAL GLOBAL POWER STORAGE MARKET, BY REGION, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 150 : TOTAL NORTH AMERICA POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 151 : TOTAL NORTH AMERICA POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 152 : TOTAL EUROPE POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 153 : TOTAL EUROPE POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 154 : TOTAL FAR EAST POWER SOURCE MARKET THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 155 : TOTAL FAR EAST POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 156 : TOTAL ROW POWER SOURCE MARKET, THROUGH 2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 157 : TOTAL ROW POWER SOURCE MARKET THROUGH 2019 (COMSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Table 158 : A123 BATTERY COMPARED TO OTHER HIGH-CAPACITY BATTERY SYSTEMS
    Table 159 : A123 BATTERY PULSE DURATION AND POWER DENSITY
    Table 160 : OVONIC NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE TECHNOLOGY LICENSEES
    Table 161 : SCIB SPECIFICATIONS

List of Figures

    Summary Figure 1 : ELECTRIC VEHICLE VALUE BY CONFIGURATION, 2009-2019 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Summary Figure 2 : ELECTRIC VEHICLE VALUE BY CONFIGURATION IN 2014 (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Figure 1 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE, 2009-2019, BY SHIPMENTS (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Figure 2 : TOTAL GLOBAL PASSENGER EV POWER SOURCE MARKET BY POWER SOURCE TYPE: 2014 VS 2019 CONSENSUS SCENARIO
    Figure 3 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2014 BY VALUE (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)
    Figure 4 : TOTAL GLOBAL EV POWER SOURCE MARKET, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2014 BY SHIPMENTS (CONSENSUS SCENARIO)