Nanomaterials for Solar Cells, Displays, Sensors, Lighting and RFID Market Analyses and Driving Forces

Nanomaterials for Solar Cells, Displays, Sensors, Lighting and RFID Market Analyses and Driving Forces

The use of nanoparticles is set to escalate and the market has the potential to increase dramatically over the next ten years as more uses for these materials are developed and commercialized. Eventually, nanomaterials are likely to affect nearly every industry in every region in the world, including the least developed regions. In fact, there is considerable optimism that nanomaterials will be instrumental in addressing some of the developing world’s most pressing concerns.

This report presents a forecast of nanomaterials by type and by application.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction    1-1

Chapter 2 Nanomaterial Properties and Fabrication    2-1

2.1     Introduction        2-1
2.2     Materials Used In Nanotechnology    2-4
    2.2.1     Fullerenes    2-4
        2.2.1.1 Buckyballs – Buckminsterfullerene    2-7
        2.2.1.2 Buckytubes – Nanotubes    2-8
        2.2.1.3 Fabrication Of Nanotubes    2-10
    2.2.2     Nanoparticles    2-15
        2.2.2.1 Introduction    2-15
        2.2.2.2 Fabrication Of Nanoparticles    2-20

Chapter 3 Developments In Nanomaterial-Based Solar Cells    3-1

3.1     Introduction        3-1
3.2     Nanomaterials As Solar Conversion    3-3
3.2.1     Inorganic Nanocrystals    3-11
        3.2.1.1 Silicon Nanoparticles    3-11
        3.2.1.2 Nobel Metals    3-12
        3.2.1.3 Multimetal-Dielectric Nanocomposites    3-14
    3.2.2     CdSe And CdTe Nanorods    3-17
    3.2.3     Quantum Dots    3-19
    3.2.4     Nanocomposite – Quantum Dot Combination    3-22
    3.2.5     Quantum Wells    3-23
    3.2.6     Organic Polymers – Fullerenes    3-25
    3.2.7     Ionic Organic Polymers    3-27
    3.2.8     CIGS        3-27
    3.2.9     Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells    3-33
3.3     Nanomaterials As Modified Electrodes    3-40
    3.3.1     Nanowires    3-40
        3.3.1.1 ZnO Nanowires    3-40
        3.3.1.2 InP Nanowires    3-40
    3.3.2     Carbon Nanotubes    3-41
        3.3.2.1 Defected Carbon Nanotubes    3-47
        3.3.2.2 Silicon Nanotubes    3-50
        3.3.2.3 Titania Nanotubes    3-51
3.4 Theoretical Work    3-52

Chapter 4 Nanomaterials for Displays    4-1

4.1     Introduction        4-1
4.2     LCDs            4-1
4.3     Electrophoretic/Electrochromic Displays    4-11
    4.3.1     Electrophoretic Displays    4-11
    4.3.2     Electrochromic Displays    4-13
4.4     OLEDs        4-10
4.5     Backplanes        4-26

Chapter 5 Nanomaterials for Sensors    5-1

5.1     Introduction        5-1
5.2     NanoChemical Sensors    5-3
5.3     NanoBio/NanoMed Sensors    5-5
5.5     Military and Homeland Defense Applications    5-10
5.5    Quantum Dot Sensors    5-13
5.6     Others        5-14

Chapter 6 Nanomaterials for Lighting    6-1

6.1     Introduction        6-1
6.2     High-efficiency Organic LEDs (OLEDs)    6-2
6.3     Electroluminescent Devices    6-6

Chapter 7 Nanomaterials for RFIDs    7-1

7.1     Introduction        7-1
7.2     RFID Devices    7-1
7.3    Current Uses        7-3
7.4     Uses For Potential Strong Growth    7-4

Chapter 8  Nanomaterials for Semiconductors    8-1

8.1 Nanotubes For Integrated Circuits    8-1
8.2 Slurries            8-4
8.3 Lithography        8-6
    8.3.1     Photoresist    8-6
    8.3.2      DUV Immersion Liquid    8-9

Chapter 9 Nanomaterial Deposition Trends    9-1

9.1     Vapor Phase        9-1
9.2     Electrodeposition    9-3
9.3     Spray Pyrolysis    9-5
9.4    Laser Pyrolysis    9-5
9.5     Screen Printing    9-6
9.6     Small Nanoparticle Deposition    9-9
9.7     Slurry Spraying And Meniscus Coating Of Precursors    9-10
9.8     Ink-Jet         9-14
9.9    Dip Pen Nanolithography    9-15

Chapter 10 Analysis and Forecast of Nanomaterials for Electronics    10-1

10.1     Driving Forces    10-1
10.2     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for All Applications – 2008-2015    10-14
10.3     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Electronics by Material    10-19
    10.3.1     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanocomposites    10-22
    10.3.2     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanoparticles    10-24
    10.3.3     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Nanowires    10-26
    10.3.4     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Fullerenes    10-28
    10.3.5     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Slurries    10-29
    10.3.6     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Precursors    10-30
    10.3.7     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Catalysts    10-31
    10.3.8     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Coatings    10-33
    10.3.9     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Designer Materials    10-34
    10.3.10 Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Engineered Substrates    10-35
    10.4     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Electronics by Application    10-37
    10.4.1     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Lighting    10-39
    10.4.2     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Displays    10-40
    10.4.3     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for RFID    10-41
    10.4.4     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Sensors    10-43
    10.4 5     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Solar Cells    10-46
    10.4.6     Analysis of Nanomaterial Markets for Semiconductors    10-53

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1     Surface Area Comparison Of Nanomaterials    2-3
2.2     Typical Structures Of Fullerene    2-5
2.3     Arc-Electric Discharge Fabrication Method    2-12
2.4     CVD Fabrication Method    2-14
2.5     Solutions Of Monodisperse CCSE Nanocrystals    2-19
2.6     Nanoparticles By Sol Gel Technique     2-24
2.7     Nanoparticles By Physical Vapor Synthesis    2-25
3.1     Amorphous Silicon Solar Film Diagram    3-5
3.2     CIGS Solar Film Roll-To-Roll Diagram    3-6
3.3     CdTe Solar Film Diagram    3-8
3.4     Conversion Of Light Via Plasmons    3-13
3.5     Solar Emission From Nanoparticles    3-16
3.6     Energy Levels Of CdSe Quantum Dots    3-21
3.7     Schematic Diagram Of Quantum Well Solar Cell    3-24
3.8     CIGS Module Cross Section    3-29
3.9     How Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Work    3-34
3.10     Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Components    3-38
3.11     Electron Transport Across Nanostructured Semiconductor Films     3-43
3.12     Electron Transport In Nanoparticle Solar Cell     3-45
3.13     Carbon Nanotubes In Organic Solar Cells     3-48
4.1     Nanoink's Dip Pen Nanolithography Technology    4-5
4.2     Inkjet Printing Of A Plastic Transistor    4-17
4.3     Vials Of Fluorescent CdSe QDS Dispersed In Hexane     4-21
4.4     A QD-LED Device     4-23
5.1     Carbon Nanotube Biosensor    5-8
5.2     Sensors In Defense Applications    5-12
7.1    EPC RFID Tag    7-5
9.1     Vapor Phase Deposition Of Nanomaterials    9-2
9.2     Electrodeposition Of Nanomaterials    9-4
9.3     Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Of Nanomaterials    9-7
9.4     Screen Printing Of Nanomaterials    9-8
10.1     Worldwide Solar Cell Production    10-51
10.2     Nanomaterial Share By Technology   10-54

LIST OF TABLES

4.1    Proven Inks/Substrates    4-6
10.1    A Selection Of Current And Future Applications Using Nanoparticles    10-11
10.2    NNI Budget         10-17
10.3    NNI Budget History     10-18
10.4    Nanoelectronic Applications By Industry    10-20
10.5    Worldwide Nanomaterial Markets For Electronics By Material   10-21
10.6    Worldwide Nanomaterial Markets For Electronics By Application    10-38
10.7    Worldwide Thin Film Solar Cell Forecast    10-50